Viruses — Living Insecticides

Ignoffo, Carlo M.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-46115-6_7

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…Some references are given in the key while others will be found among the general reviews in the References. Discussions on the use of viruses for insect control have been presented by Stairs (1971), Ignoffo (1968Ignoffo ( , 1974, Bailey (1973a), and Tinsley (1978,1979. Martignoni and Iwai (1975) and Martignoni (1981) have compiled a useful computer-based catalog of viral diseases of insects an mites.…”

Section: Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory Guide to Insect Pathogens and Parasites

Poinar¹,

Thomas²

1984

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Dedicated to the memory of ROBERT VAN DEN BOSCH, for his interest, encouragement, and tenacity in promoting biological pest control A. Dark red color of a larva of the wax moth, Gal/eria mel/onel/a, infected with Heterorhabditis nematodes. The color is produced by the bacterium Xenorhabdus /uminescens, which is symbiotically associated with nematodes of the genus Heterorhabditis. Another insect pathogen that produces a red color in the host is the bacterium Serratia marcescens.

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Section: Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory Guide to Insect Pathogens and Parasites

Poinar¹,

Thomas²

1984

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“…The incorporation of adjuvants with microbial insecticides to achieve high efficacy was practiced by several workers ( ANGUS and LUTHY 1971;IGNOFFO 1968;MONTOYA et al 1966). Some specific examples of the use of adjuvants would be to increase wettability and adhesiveness, to decrease sunlight degredation, to increase stability, to act as gustatory stimulants or to improve flowability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of some chemicals to increase the effectiveness of Bacillus thuringiensis Berl. against Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.)

Salama

Foda

Sharaby

1985

Zeitschrift für Angewandte Entomologie

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Biochemical approaches have been adopted to increase the potency of Bacillus thuringiensis var. entomocidus against the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis. Chemicals of various groups were assessed with respect to their effect in increasing the potency of the endotoxin. Results indicate that some lipid emulsifying agents, protein solubilizing agents, and some of the non‐toxic nitrogenous compounds tested increased the potency of the endotoxin in varying degrees (2.7–21.7 fold increase). Sodium benzoate as a representative of aromatic compounds also enhanced the endotoxin potency (2.5 fold increase), while the chelating agent EDTA had an antagonistic effect. Calcium, zinc, and copper salts remarkably potentiated the effectiveness of the endotoxin; the factors of increase were 24 and 19 as shown with zinc sulphate and calcium oxide salts. In the light of the results obtained, the mode of action of these chemicals has been discussed. So, B. thuringiensis may perform with high potency at lower concentrations if it is combined with some of these active and low cost chemicals and thus adding to the feasibilities of use. Zusammenfassung Möglichkeiten zur Steigerung der Wirkung von Bacillus thuringiensis Berl. gegenüber Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) mit Hilfe einiger Chemikalien Es wurden biochemische Versuche unternommen, um die Wirkung von B. thuringiensis var. entomocidus gegen die Raupen der Baumwolleule, S. littoralis, zu erhöhen. Dabei wurden chemische Verbindungen verschiedener Gruppen im Hinblick auf eine Steigerung der Endotoxin‐Wirkung betrachtet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß einige Fett‐emulgierende und Protein‐lösende Substanzen sowie einige nicht‐giftige Stickstoffverbindungen die Endotoxin‐Wirkung in verschiedenem Maße (2,7‐21,7fache Steigerung) erhöhten. Auch Natriumbenzoat als eine repräsentative aromatische Verbindung führte zur Wirkungssteigerung (2,5fach). Dagegen zeigte der Chelatbildner EDTA einen antagonistischen Effekt. Kalzium‐, Zink‐ und Kupfersalze vergrößerten die Wirksamkeit des Endotoxins erheblich (Zinksulfat 24fach, Kalziumoxyd 19fach). Im Lichte dieser Ergebnisse wird der Wirkungsmechanismus der getesteten Chemikalien erörtert. Demnach könnte B. thuringiensis bei niedrigerer Konzentration eine höhere Wirkung erlangen, wenn es mit einem dieser aktiven, billigen und unschädlichen chemischen Verbindungen kombiniert wird.

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“…The number of occlusion bodies per milliliter needed to achieve this concentration of DNA per milliliter varies for each NPV, depending on the number of nucleocapsids per envelope and the number of enveloped virions per occlusion body. For A. cal NPV, 0. pseudotsugata NPV, and H. zea NPV, the number of occlusion bodies per milliliter should be approximately 6 x 109, 1 x 109, and 2 x 1011 occlusion bodies per ml, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several other NPVs, including the Autographa californica baculovirus which infects alfalfa and cabbage loopers, are candidates for Environmental Protection Agency registration as pesticides. The NPVs cause natural epizootic diseases in pest insect populations and have excellent potential as biological pesticides due to their specificity, environmental stability, rapid lethality in target hosts, and apparent safety for vertebrates, nontarget invertebrates, and plants (6)(7)(8).…”

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confidence: 99%

Restriction endonuclease analysis for the identification of baculovirus pesticides

Miller¹,

Dawes²

1978

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Gel electrophoresis of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fragments generated by digesting the DNA genomes of nuclear polyhedrosis viruses (NPV) with restriction endonucleases provides DNA fragment patterns that may be used to identify different viruses of this group. Characteristic fragment patterns were obtained for three NPVs, which are important as biological pesticides (Autographa californica NPV, Orgyia pseudotsugata NPV, and Heliothis zea NPV). The DNA fragment patterns of the A. californica NPV genome did not change with passage through the alternate insect host, Trichoplusia ni. Heterogeneity in one preparation of 0. pseudotsugata NPV was observed. The identification procedure is direct and precise. Applications of this procedure include quality control of commercial preparations of viral pesticides and screening for genetic alterations in the viruses.

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Viruses — Living Insecticides

Cited by 16 publications

References 88 publications

Laboratory Guide to Insect Pathogens and Parasites

Laboratory Guide to Insect Pathogens and Parasites

Potential of some chemicals to increase the effectiveness of Bacillus thuringiensis Berl. against Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.)

Restriction endonuclease analysis for the identification of baculovirus pesticides

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