Visceral adipose of obese mice inhibits endothelial inwardly rectifying K⁺ channels in a CD36-dependent fashion

Abstract

Obesity imposes deficits to adipose tissue and vascular endothelium, yet the role that distinct adipose depots play in mediating endothelial dysfunction in local arteries remains unresolved. We recently showed that obesity impairs endothelial Kir2.1 channels, mediators of NO production, in arteries of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) while Kir2.1 function in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) endothelium remains intact. Therefore, we determined if VAT vs. SAT from lean or diet-induced obese mice affected Kir2.1 channel function in vitro. We found that VAT from obese mice reduces Kir2.1 function without altering channel expression whereas AT from lean mice and SAT from obese mice had no effect on Kir2.1 function as compared to untreated control cells. As Kir2.1 is well-known to be inhibited by fatty acid derivatives and obesity is strongly associated with elevated circulating fatty acids, we next tested the role of the fatty acid translocase CD36 in mediating VAT-induced Kir2.1 dysfunction. We found that downregulation of CD36 restored Kir2.1 currents in endothelial cells exposed to VAT from obese mice. In addition, endothelial cells exposed to VAT from obese mice exhibited a significant increase in CD36-mediated fatty acid uptake. The importance of CD36 in obesity-induced endothelial dysfunction of VAT arteries was further supported in ex vivo pressure myography studies where CD36 ablation rescued the endothelium-dependent response to flow via restoring Kir2.1 and eNOS function. These findings provide new insight into the role of VAT in mediating obesity-induced endothelial dysfunction and suggest a novel role for CD36 as a mediator of endothelial Kir2.1 impairment.