Visceral adipose tissue and cardiovascular risk factors in obese children

Owens, Scott; Gutin, Bernard; Ferguson, Michael; Allison, J. B.; Karp, Warren B.; Le, Ngoc-Anh

doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(98)70175-1

Cited by 152 publications

(139 citation statements)

References 25 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

111

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In humans, MTS exposure increases visceral adiposity in males earlier than in females (32,33). Animal studies also demonstrate sex specificity in metabolic outcomes from adverse intrauterine environments.…”

Section: Mts Increased Vat In Male Ratsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Maternal tobacco smoke increased visceral adiposity and serum corticosterone levels in adult male rat offspring

Zinkhan

Lang

et al. 2014

Pediatr Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Maternal tobacco smoke (MTS) predisposes human and rat offspring to visceral obesity in early adulthood. Glucocorticoid excess also causes visceral obesity. We hypothesized that in utero MTS would increase visceral adiposity and alter the glucocorticoid pathway in young adult rats. Methods:We developed a novel model of in utero MTS exposure in pregnant rats by exposing them to cigarette smoke from E11.5 to term. Neonatal rats were cross-fostered to control dams and weaned to standard rat chow through young adulthood (postnatal day 60). results: We demonstrated increased visceral adiposity (193%)*, increased visceral adipose 11-β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 mRNA (204%)*, increased serum corticosterone (147%)*, and no change in glucocorticoid receptor protein in adult male MTS rat offspring. Female rats exposed to MTS in utero demonstrated no change in visceral or subcutaneous adiposity, decreased serum corticosterone (60%)*, and decreased adipose glucocorticoid receptor protein (66%)*. *P < 0.05. conclusion: We conclude that in utero MTS exposure increased visceral adiposity and altered in the glucocorticoid pathway in a sex-specific manner. We speculate that in utero MTS exposure programs adipose dysfunction in adult male rat offspring via alteration in the glucocorticoid pathway.M aternal tobacco smoke (MTS) impacts more than 13% of pregnancies despite aggressive antismoking campaigns (1). In adult human studies, MTS exposure in utero predisposes to the development of metabolic syndrome, including increased visceral adiposity (2). The increased adiposity seen after gestating in an adverse intrauterine environment, such as maternal tobacco or nicotine exposure, is often adipose depot specific, with the visceral adipose tissue (VAT) increasing in excess to the subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) (3,4).VAT seems to have a detrimental role in the development of metabolic syndrome (5,6). Even when considering dietary and lifestyle choices, MTS exposure in utero independently increases the risk of developing visceral obesity (7,8). Children whose mothers smoked during pregnancy had decreased birth weights yet an increased obesity and BMI index as early as 9-10 y of age, independent of dietary intake and activity levels (8). Furthermore, the effect of MTS on body weight was stronger when mothers smoked during pregnancy compared with that of isolated smoke exposure in childhood (7). Taken together, these findings suggest that MTS exposure during this developmentally sensitive time period both causes intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and adversely programs obesity later in life.Little insight exists on how MTS programs increased visceral adiposity. Rodent studies examining the effect of in utero MTS exposure on the offspring have not examined the etiology of increased visceral adiposity. Rodent studies of tobacco smoke exposure only during lactation demonstrate increased adiposity (9). Furthermore, rodent studies of maternal nicotine, one of the many compounds found in tobacco smoke, demonstrate increa...

show abstract

Section: Mts Increased Vat In Male Ratsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Maternal tobacco smoke increased visceral adiposity and serum corticosterone levels in adult male rat offspring

Zinkhan

Lang

et al. 2014

Pediatr Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…1 Aspects of the IRS can already be seen in obese children, 2,3 suggesting that interventions to counteract the development of the IRS should be explored in childhood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of exercise training and its cessation on components of the insulin resistance syndrome in obese children

et al. 1999

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of exercise training (ET) on components of the insulin resistance syndrome (IRS) in obese children. DESIGN: Randomized, modi®ed cross-over study, with subjects assigned to one of two conditions: (1) 4 months of ET followed by 4 months of no-ET; or (2) 4 months of no-ET followed by 4 months of ET. Measurements were made at three time points: 0, 4 and 8 months. SUBJECTS: 79 obese, but otherwise healthy children (age: 7 ± 11 y, percent fat (%fat) 27 ± 61%). MEASUREMENTS: Plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations, plasma insulin and glucose concentrations; %fat; submaximal heart rate (HR) as an index of ®tness. EXERCISE TRAINING: ET was offered 5 daweek 40 minad. For the 73 children who completed 4 months of ET, the mean attendance was 80% (that is, 4 daweek) and the average HR during ET was 157 bpm. RESULTS: Signi®cant (P`0.05) group x time interactions were found for plasma triglyceride (TG) and insulin concentrations and %fat. The average change for both groups, from just before ET to just after the 4 month ET was À0.24 mmol Á l À1 for TG, À25.4 pmol Á l À1 for insulin and À1.6 units for %fat. When Group 1 ceased ET, over the following 4 month period the average change for insulin was 26.6 pmol Á l À1 and for %fat 1.3 units. CONCLUSION: Some components (plasma TG, insulin, %fat) of the IRS are improved as a result of 4 months of ET in obese children. However, the bene®ts of ET are lost when obese children become less active.

show abstract

“…La insulinemia basal es el único factor de riesgo que se encontró asociado significativamente a las mediciones de grasa externa (pliegue tricipital), similar a los hallazgos obtenidos previamente por Owens et al 18 , ellos encontraron que las mediciones de grasa corporal por DEXA se asociaba de mejor forma con la insulinemia que la grasa visceral.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Las investigaciones acerca de la asociación entre mediciones de grasa visceral por tomografía axial computada o resonancia nuclear magnética y factores de riesgo cardiovascular, han demostrado en mujeres adultas y adolescentes, que aquellas se correlacionan con alteraciones en el perfil lípidico e insulinemia [18][19][20][21] . Los estudios recientes también demuestran la utilidad de las mediciones de grasa visceral con ultrasonido en su asociación con alteraciones del colesterol e insulinemia en adultos obesos 7,22 .…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Bambilla et al, encontraron algunas correlaciones entre el área grasa visceral con los triglicéridos séricos, con el colesterol total y con LDL-c en niños obesos entre 10 y 15 años; estudiando adolescentes obesos de ambos sexos encontró una correlación lineal entre el área grasa intraabdominal y los triglicéridos (r2 =0,28), HDL (r2 =0,29) e insulinemia (r2 =0,30), aunque solamente en mujeres 19 . Owens et al 18 , demostraron que el área grasa intraabdominal era una adecuada medición de grasa corporal para predecir alteraciones de lípidos séricos en niños obesos con edades de 7 a 11 años.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

See 1 more Smart Citation

Adiposidad visceral y su asociación con lípidos séricos e insulinemis en adolescentes obesas

et al. 2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Visceral adipose tissue and cardiovascular risk factors in obese children

Cited by 152 publications

References 25 publications

Maternal tobacco smoke increased visceral adiposity and serum corticosterone levels in adult male rat offspring

Maternal tobacco smoke increased visceral adiposity and serum corticosterone levels in adult male rat offspring

Effects of exercise training and its cessation on components of the insulin resistance syndrome in obese children

Adiposidad visceral y su asociación con lípidos séricos e insulinemis en adolescentes obesas

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About