Visceral adiposity would be expected to predict incident diabetes better in women than men

Schooling, CM; Jiang, Chao Qiang; Zhang, W. S.; Lam, Tai Hing; Cheng, Kar Keung; Leung, Gabriel M.

doi:10.1007/s00125-009-1613-3

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Fatness, and in particular abdominal fatness, is assumed to have an important role in the aetiology of diabetes [2]–[9]. This was also shown in our study, as WC was strongly associated with the risk of diabetes also after adjustment for BMI.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…body mass index (BMI)) [2]–[6]. This has predominantly been attributed to accumulation of intra-abdominal fat, which is strongly associated with metabolic complications and possibly also with development of diabetes [7]–[9]. In contrast, anthropometric measures of peripheral fatness are inversely associated with the risk of diabetes [10] possibly due to favorable metabolic effects of the skeletal muscles and the peripheral body fat [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, anthropometric measures of peripheral fatness are inversely associated with the risk of diabetes [10] possibly due to favorable metabolic effects of the skeletal muscles and the peripheral body fat [11]. Although men accumulate more abdominal fat than women, abdominal fatness seems more strongly associated with diabetes in women than men [8], [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes in Waist Circumference and the Incidence of Diabetes in Middle-Aged Men and Women

et al. 2011

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BackgroundWaist circumference (WC) is positively associated with diabetes, but the association with changes in WC (DWC) is less clear. We investigated the association between DWC and the subsequent risk of diabetes in middle-aged men and women, and evaluated the influence from concurrent changes in body mass index (DBMI).Methodology/Principal FindingsData on 15,577 men and 20,066 women from the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health study were analyzed. Anthropometry was assessed in 1993–97 and 1999–02. Information on diabetes was obtained from The Danish National Diabetes Register. Hazard ratios (HR) were calculated from Cox' proportional hazard models with individuals considered at risk from 1999–02 until December 31 2006. During 5.4 years of follow-up, 1,027 and 876 new cases of diabetes occurred among men and women, respectively. WC was positively associated with diabetes in both sexes also with adjustment for covariates and BMI. DWC was positively associated with diabetes in women, but not in men (HR per 5 cm change = 1.09 (1.04∶1.15) in women, and 1.00 (0.94, 1.07) in men with adjustment for covariates, baseline WC, BMI and DBMI). Associations with DWC were not notably different in sub-groups stratified according to baseline WC or DBMI, or when individuals with diseases or diabetes occurring within the first years of follow-up were excluded.Conclusions/SignificanceWhile this study confirmed that WC is positively associated with the risk of diabetes in middle-aged men and women, it surprisingly showed that changes in WC were not associated with the subsequent risk of diabetes in men, and only weakly positively associated with the risk of diabetes in women. Accordingly, these findings suggest that a reduction in WC may be a weak or insufficient or target for prevention of diabetes in middle-aged men and women.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes in Waist Circumference and the Incidence of Diabetes in Middle-Aged Men and Women

et al. 2011

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“…Biologically and epidemiologically it is not clear how blood pressure is affected by puberty 129 130 142. Sixth, this conceptualisation has not considered the effects of interplays between the somatotrophic and gonadotrophic axes during growth, such as upregulation of the gonadotrophic axis increasing peak pubertal mass muscle mass and thereby reducing the long-term risk of diabetes 154. Seventh, intergenerational upregulation of the gonadotrophic axis with epidemiological time would be expected to have many other impacts on population health and disparities because of the pleiotrophic effects of pubertal sex-steroids.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A socio-biological explanation for social disparities in non-communicable chronic diseases: the product of history?

Schooling

Leung

2010

Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health

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This study places social disparities in the major non-communicable chronic diseases within their global economic and historical contexts. Rapid economic transition outside the developed world provides a unique opportunity to re-examine the origins of, and biological mechanisms driving, social disparities. Gaps in prevailing theories focusing on material resources, civic infrastructure and social structure are identified. Using longstanding experimental evidence and epigenetic theories, it is suggested that exposure to economic development over generations (ie, improved living conditions over historical time) could by acting on different biological axes (somatotrophic and gonadotrophic) generate specific patterns of social disparities. Moreover, these same processes could initially generate a transient epidemic of diabetes as well as a permanent increase in male risk of premature ischaemic heart disease. As such, this study demonstrates the importance of context, and implies that current evidence from the developed world may be largely uninformative for preventing or mitigating social disparities in non-communicable chronic diseases elsewhere, suggesting research efforts should be focused on developing countries.

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“…It is also becoming increasingly evident that sex-steroids also increase over generations of economic development [49-51], which predisposes women to breast cancer [52] and perhaps men to ischemic heart disease [37,53,54]. However, increasingly levels of sex-steroids over generations would also reduce vulnerability to diabetes because of the anabolic effects of sex-steroids on muscle mass [55], providing greater capacity for glucose disposal. The historical coincidence of these two separate secular trends would generate an apparent negative association between birth weight and diabetes, particularly in populations with a long history of economic development and hence heterogeneity in intra-population experience over generations.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimated birth weight and adult cardiovascular risk factors in a developing southern Chinese population: a cross sectional study

et al. 2010

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BackgroundBirth weight is negatively associated with cardiovascular diseases and diabetes, but the associations are less well-established in developing populations where birth weight is often unavailable. We studied the association of birth weight and cardiovascular risk, using birth rank as an instrumental variable, in Southern China.MethodsWe used published data on birth weight by birth rank from an appropriate population and baseline data from the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study phases 2 & 3 (2005-8) to examine the adjusted associations, using instrumental variable analysis, of birth weight with clinically measured cardiovascular risk factors and the metabolic syndrome in older (≥ 50 years) men (n = 5,051) and women (n = 13,907).ResultsEstimated birth weight was associated with lower blood pressure (systolic -0.25 mm Hg 95% confidence interval (CI), -0.53 to 0.03 and diastolic -0.33 mm Hg 95% CI -0.48 to -0.18 per standard deviation higher birth weight), but had little association with glucose, lipids, waist-hip ratio, body mass index or the metabolic syndrome, adjusted for age, sex, early environment and number of offspring.ConclusionBirth weight may impact blood pressure; however associations of birth weight with other cardiovascular risk factors may not be related to foetal exposures, but speculatively could be an historical co-incidence, with corresponding implications for prevention.

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Visceral adiposity would be expected to predict incident diabetes better in women than men

Cited by 14 publications

References 10 publications

Changes in Waist Circumference and the Incidence of Diabetes in Middle-Aged Men and Women

Changes in Waist Circumference and the Incidence of Diabetes in Middle-Aged Men and Women

A socio-biological explanation for social disparities in non-communicable chronic diseases: the product of history?

Estimated birth weight and adult cardiovascular risk factors in a developing southern Chinese population: a cross sectional study

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