Visceral Fat Accumulation During Lipid Overfeeding Is Related to Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Characteristics in Healthy Men

Alligier, Maud; Gabert, Laure; Meugnier, Emmanuelle; Lambert‐Porcheron, Stéphanie; Chanséaume, Emilie; Pilleul, F.; Debard, Cyrille; Sauvinet, Valérie; Morio, Béatrice; Vidal-Puig, António; Vidal, Hubert; Laville, Martine

doi:10.1210/jc.2012-3289

Cited by 89 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Interestingly, testosterone has been shown to downregulate lipoprotein lipase, which stimulates release of free fatty acids contributing to systemic insulin resistance, in abdominal subcutaneous tissue (31). Moreover, the protective capacity to store excess energy in subcutaneous tissue may be genetically regulated, and diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2, mechanistically implicated in this differential storage, is regulated by androgens (32,33). Indeed, exceeding the capacity of the subcutaneous compartment, acting as a cardiometabolic protective 'sink', may lead to spillover of fat into ectopic sites such as intraabdominal, intramuscular, intrahepatic or even perivascular compartments which may contribute to insulin resistance (34,35,36).…”

Section: Effects Of Adt On Body Composition and Insulin Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between insulin resistance and frailty with body composition and testosterone in men undergoing androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer

Cheung

Hoermann

Dupuis

et al. 2016

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Objective: While androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has been associated with insulin resistance and frailty, controlled prospective studies are lacking. We aimed to examine the relationships between insulin resistance and frailty with body composition and testosterone. Design: Case-control prospective study. Methods: Sixty three men with non-metastatic prostate cancer newly commencing ADT (n = 34) and age-matched prostate cancer controls (n = 29) were recruited. The main outcomes were insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR), Fried's frailty score, body composition by dual x-ray absorptiometry and short physical performance battery (SPPB) measured at 0, 6 and 12 months. A generalised linear model determined the mean adjusted difference (95% CI) between groups. Results: Compared with controls over 12 months, men receiving ADT had reductions in mean total testosterone level (14.1-0.4 nmol/L, P < 0.001), mean adjusted gain in fat mass of 3530 g (2012, 5047), P < 0.02 and loss of lean mass of 1491 g (181, 2801), P < 0.02. Visceral fat was unchanged. HOMA2-IR in the ADT group increased 0.59 (0.24, 0.94), P = 0.02, which was most related to the increase in fat mass (P = 0.003), less to lean mass (P = 0.09) or total testosterone (P = 0.088). Frailty increased with ADT (P < 0.0001), which was related to decreased testosterone (P = 0.028), and less to fat mass (P = 0.056) or lean mass (P = 0.79). SPPB was unchanged. Conclusions: ADT is associated with increased insulin resistance and frailty within 12 months of commencement, independently of confounding effects of cancer or radiotherapy. Insulin resistance appears to be mediated by subcutaneous or peripheral sites of fat deposition. Prevention of fat gain is an important strategy to prevent adverse ADT-associated cardiometabolic risks.

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Section: Effects Of Adt On Body Composition and Insulin Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between insulin resistance and frailty with body composition and testosterone in men undergoing androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer

Cheung

Hoermann

Dupuis

et al. 2016

European Journal of Endocrinology

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“…Previous work has also demonstrated that weight cycling is associated with metabolic syndrome (9, 10), although this finding was not replicated in our data, possibly owing to limited follow-up of body mass assessments over the 8 years. Several overfeeding studies have demonstrated that healthy obese adults display different biological responses to moderate weight gain, such as increased adipose tissue capacity for lipogenesis (11) and favourable characteristics of subcutaneous adipose tissue that help prevent visceral fat depots (12). Thus, more subtle differences in metabolic function that were not possible to measure in this study may differentiate stable and unstable healthy obesity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Stability of metabolically healthy obesity over 8 years: the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing

Hamer

Bell

Sabia

et al. 2015

European Journal of Endocrinology

118

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Objective: Metabolically healthy obesity possibly reflects a transitional stage before the onset of metabolic dysfunction, but few studies have characterised this transition. We examined the behavioural and biological characteristics of healthy obese adults that progressed to an unhealthy state over 8 years follow-up. Methods: Participants were 2422 men and women (aged 63.3G7.7 years, 44.2% men) from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Obesity was defined as BMI R30 kg/m 2 . Based on blood pressure (BP), HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, HbA1c and C-reactive protein (CRP) participants were classified as 'healthy' (0 or 1 metabolic abnormality) or 'unhealthy' (R2 metabolic abnormalities). Results: Over 8 years follow-up, 44.5% of healthy obese subjects had transitioned into an unhealthy state, compared to only 16.6 and 26.2% of healthy normal-weight and overweight adults respectively. Compared with healthy obese adults who remained stable, those who progressed to an unhealthy state were more likely to have high BP (75.0% vs 37.0%, age-and sex-adjusted odds ratio (OR) 8.9, 95% CI 4.7-17.0), high CRP (53.7% vs 17.0%, ORZ8.6, 95% CI 4.1-18.0), high HbA1c (46.3% vs 5.9%, ORZ13.8, 95% CI 6.1-31.2) and high triglycerides (45.4% vs 11.9%, ORZ5.9, 95% CI 2.9-12.0) at follow-up, with excess risk remaining independent of lifestyle factors including self-reported physical activity. Progression to an unhealthy state was also linked with significant gains in waist circumference (BZ2.7, 95% CI, 0.5-4.9 cm). Conclusion: These data show that a healthy obesity phenotype is relatively unstable. Transition to an unhealthy state is characterised by multiple biological changes that are not fully explained by lifestyle risk factors.

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“…We powered our study based on previous studies involving high-fat-diet-induced body mass gain in humans (21)(22)(23). With 20 subjects, 80% power and alpha 5 0.05 we anticipated being able to detect a 1.0 kg (Cohen's d 5 1.2) difference in the magnitude of change in body fat mass in VSL#3 compared with control following the high-fat diet.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Twenty healthy, non-obese (BMI <30 kg m 22 ) males (18-30 years of age) volunteered to participate in this study. All participants were healthy and not taking any medications that might impact the dependent variables.…”

Section: Methods Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probiotic supplementation attenuates increases in body mass and fat mass during high‐fat diet in healthy young adults

Osterberg

Boutagy

McMillan

et al. 2015

Obesity

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Objective: The objective was to determine the effects of the probiotic, VSL#3, on body and fat mass, insulin sensitivity, and skeletal muscle substrate oxidation following 4 weeks of a high-fat diet. Methods: Twenty non-obese males (18-30 years) participated in the study. Following a 2-week eucaloric control diet, participants underwent dual X-ray absorptiometry to determine body composition, an intravenous glucose tolerance test to determine insulin sensitivity, and a skeletal muscle biopsy for measurement of in vitro substrate oxidation. Subsequently, participants were randomized to receive either VSL#3 or placebo daily during 4 weeks of consuming a high-fat (55% fat), hypercaloric diet (11,000 kcal day 21). Participants repeated all measurements following the intervention. Results: Body mass (1.42 6 0.42 kg vs. 2.30 6 0.28 kg) and fat mass (0.63 6 0.09 kg vs. 1.29 6 0.27 kg) increased less following the high-fat diet in the VSL#3 group compared with placebo. However, there were no significant changes in insulin sensitivity or in vitro skeletal muscle pyruvate and fat oxidation with the high-fat diet or VSL#3. Conclusions: VSL#3 supplementation appears to have provided some protection from body mass gain and fat accumulation in healthy young men consuming a high-fat and high-energy diet.

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Visceral Fat Accumulation During Lipid Overfeeding Is Related to Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Characteristics in Healthy Men

Abstract: Characteristics of sc adipose tissue appear therefore to contribute to the development of visceral fat depot, supporting the adipose tissue expandability theory and extending it to early stages of weight gain in nonobese subjects.

Cited by 89 publications

References 24 publications

Relationships between insulin resistance and frailty with body composition and testosterone in men undergoing androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer

Relationships between insulin resistance and frailty with body composition and testosterone in men undergoing androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer

Stability of metabolically healthy obesity over 8 years: the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing

Probiotic supplementation attenuates increases in body mass and fat mass during high‐fat diet in healthy young adults

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