“…Marked damage of lungs, heart, brain, and many other organs by Haemoproteus spp. exo-erythrocytic stages hardly can be considered as benign in affected hosts ( Ortiz-Catedral et al, 2019 ; Hernández-Lara et al, 2021 ; Duc et al, 2023a , 2023b ; Himmel et al, 2024 ; Cococcetta et al, 2023 ). Nevertheless, the virulence and patterns of exo-erythrocytic development remain only fragmentally investigated in haemoproteids and remain unassessed in most described species ( Valkiūnas and Iezhova, 2017 ; Duc et al, 2023a , 2023b ; Himmel et al, 2024 ).…”