Visceral leishmaniasis in zoo and wildlife

Souza, Tamara Daiane de; Turchetti, A; Fujiwara, Ricardo Toshio; Paixão, Tatiane Alves da; Santos, Renato L.

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.12.025

Cited by 35 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Although we have no data on wildlife prevalence, the scenario of infected dogs living around and actually entering important biodiversity sites such as Atlantic Forest remnants [12] raises concerns about possible transmission to and from wild animals. Wild mammals can develop clinical signs of leishmaniasis, especially in stressful situations such as captivity [25], and the prevalence of the disease in many captive and free-ranging populations has been reported [22], [24]–[26]. Therefore, the presence of infected reservoir dog populations around small forest fragments under strong human pressure may warrant persistence, circulation, and the possible, yet unknown, deleterious effects of leishmaniasis on the health and fitness of wild animals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…infantum is the domestic dog, although the possible participation of asymptomatic infected persons is currently been suggested [21]–[23]. Other wild mammal species may be infected and may develop clinical signs, but their role as reservoirs remains to be clarified [22], [24]–[26]. One of the few well studied species is the widely distributed and relatively abundant South American wild canid crab-eating fox Cerdocyon thous , a host with low infectiveness unable to sustain Leishmania cycles without the presence of sympatric dogs [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors Associated with the Seroprevalence of Leishmaniasis in Dogs Living around Atlantic Forest Fragments

et al. 2014

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Canine visceral leishmaniasis is an important zoonosis in Brazil. However, infection patterns are unknown in some scenarios such as rural settlements around Atlantic Forest fragments. Additionally, controversy remains over risk factors, and most identified patterns of infection in dogs have been found in urban areas. We conducted a cross-sectional epidemiological survey to assess the prevalence of leishmaniasis in dogs through three different serological tests, and interviews with owners to assess features of dogs and households around five Atlantic Forest remnants in southeastern Brazil. We used Generalized Linear Mixed Models and Chi-square tests to detect associations between prevalence and variables that might influence Leishmania infection, and a nearest neighbor dispersion analysis to assess clustering in the spatial distribution of seropositive dogs. Our findings showed an average prevalence of 20% (ranging from 10 to 32%) in dogs. Nearly 40% (ranging from 22 to 55%) of households had at least one seropositive dog. Some individual traits of dogs (height, sterilization, long fur, age class) were found to positively influence the prevalence, while some had negative influence (weight, body score, presence of ectoparasites). Environmental and management features (number of cats in the households, dogs with free-ranging behavior) also entered models as negative associations with seropositivity. Strong and consistent negative (protective) influences of the presence of chickens and pigs in dog seropositivity were detected. Spatial clustering of cases was detected in only one of the five study sites. The results showed that different risk factors than those found in urban areas may drive the prevalence of canine leishmaniasis in farm/forest interfaces, and that humans and wildlife risk infection in these areas. Domestic dog population limitation by gonadectomy, legal restriction of dog numbers per household and owner education are of the greatest importance for the control of visceral leishmaniasis in rural zones near forest fragments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Associated with the Seroprevalence of Leishmaniasis in Dogs Living around Atlantic Forest Fragments

et al. 2014

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“…pigra and A. palliate, in Mexico (Rovirosa-Hernandez et al 2013). Leishmaniasis affecting zoo and wildlife species have been recently reviewed (Souza et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, L. infantum has been detected in other groups of wild mammals that are present in urban areas in Brazil, including rodents (Oliveira et al 2005) and marsupials (Schallig et al 2007, Santiago et al, 2007 that may also function as potential reservoirs. Leishmaniasis affecting zoo and wildlife has been recently reviewed (Souza et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis of Leishmania infantum infection by Polymerase Chain Reaction in wild mammals

et al. 2014

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Pesq. Vet. Bras. 34(12):1243-1246, dezembro 2014 1243 RESUMO.-[Diagnóstico de infecção por Leishmania infantum pela reação em cadeia da polimerase em mamíferos silvestres.] A leishmaniose visceral é uma doença infecciosa crônica de mamíferos causada, no Brasil, pelo protozoário Leishmania infantum (sinonímia: Leishmania chagasi) e transmitida pelo flebótomo Lutzomyia longipalpis. Trata-se de uma zoonose endêmica em muitas regiões do Brasil, inclusive em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. Em centros urbanos, leishmaniose visceral acomete principalmente o cão doméstico. Entretanto, L. infantum já foi diagnosticada em outras espécies, incluindo canídeos e primatas de cativeiro em zoológicos. Este estudo buscou avaliar a presença do DNA deste agente em animais de cativeiro e de vida livre da Fundação Zoobotânica de Belo Horizonte através da reação em cadeia da polimerase. Foram analisadas oitenta e uma amostras de sangue oriundas de primatas, carnívoros, ruminantes, edentatos, marsupial e herbívoro de estômago simples. Três primatas Alouatta guariba (bugio marrom) e dois canídeos Speothos venaticus (cachorro--do-mato-vinagre), foram positivos, demonstrando a importância do controle da leishmaniose em áreas endêmicas com a finalidade de conservar a fauna silvestre mantida em cativeiro.

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“…Although the domestic dog is the most important vertebrate host and the main reservoir for human VL caused by Leishmania zoonotic species [3], the finding of positive cats for VL [4,5] suggests that felids may also have some role in the epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey of Leishmania Infantum Chagasi in Wild and Domestic Animals in Urban Area and Atlantic Rainforest Fragment in Northeast, Brazil

Costa¹,

Ferreira²,

Fournier³

et al. 2014

J Biodivers Biopros Dev

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Objective: Survey of Leishmania infantum chagasi in domestic and wild mammals in urban area and a Biological Reserve in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.Methods: Domestic and wild mammals were captured in Brazilian northeast Atlantic Rainforest, Rio Grande do Norte state. Serological and parasitological studies were conducted; Leishmania isolates were positioned in phylogeny based on small subunit rDNA (SSU rDNA) and glycosomal-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gGAPDH) gene sequences.Results: Blood samples were collected from 138 wild and domestic mammals, comprising 66 dogs, 52 cats and 20 marsupials. Antibodies were found in 27 dogs (40.91%), two cats (3.85%) and one Didelphis albiventris (5%). The cultures of popliteal lymph node aspirates were positive in nine dogs (13.64%) and from seven (10.61%) the parasite was isolated and cryopreserved. All isolates were positioned in phylogeny based on SSU rDNA and gGAPDH in the same branch with L. infantum chagasi. Conclusions:The proximity of the forest fragment with humans and their domestic animals provide interference in the health of wild animals. Measures to control the population of feral cats and environmental conservation should be implemented due the importance of visceral leishmaniasis.

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Visceral leishmaniasis in zoo and wildlife

Cited by 35 publications

References 49 publications

Factors Associated with the Seroprevalence of Leishmaniasis in Dogs Living around Atlantic Forest Fragments

Factors Associated with the Seroprevalence of Leishmaniasis in Dogs Living around Atlantic Forest Fragments

Diagnosis of Leishmania infantum infection by Polymerase Chain Reaction in wild mammals

Survey of Leishmania Infantum Chagasi in Wild and Domestic Animals in Urban Area and Atlantic Rainforest Fragment in Northeast, Brazil

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