Visceral Leishmaniasis: Kala‐azar

Safavi, Mohammadreza; Eshaghi, Hamid; Hajihassani, Zeinab

doi:10.1002/dc.24671

Cited by 11 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…However, the increase in mortality after 2013 may be due to a possible delay in diagnosis and treatment, identified as risk factors for death 18 . HVL is lethal in approximately 95% of patients if left untreated 28 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological Aspects and High Magnitude of Human Visceral Leishmaniasis in Ceará, Northeast of Brazil, 2007-2021

Cavalcante

Borges

Cavalcante

et al. 2022

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological Aspects and High Magnitude of Human Visceral Leishmaniasis in Ceará, Northeast of Brazil, 2007-2021

Cavalcante

Borges

Cavalcante

et al. 2022

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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“…In the case of L. donovani , the reservoir is represented by infected humans, so that in the Asiatic and African regions transmission occurs anthroponotically (anthroponotic cycles). In the case of L. infantum , the reservoir is represented by dogs and, less frequently, hares, wild rabbits, and other wild mammals, so that, in the Mediterranean area and in Latin America, VL is a zoonosis (zoonotic cycles) [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ]. The two major morphological forms of the protozoan are the extracellular promastigote within the sandfly and the intracellular amastigote in the monocyte-macrophage cells of the mammalian host [ 20 ].…”

Section: Epidemiology Microbiology and Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Overall, the clinical diagnosis of VL is difficult because its presentation overlaps with other infections like typhoid fever, tuberculosis, brucellosis, malaria, or some hematologic malignancies [ 21 ]. Traditionally, in a child with clinical suspicion of VL (febrile splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, loss of weight, and laboratory signs such as pancytopenia and hypergammaglobulinemia or hemophagocytic syndrome), diagnosis can be confirmed by direct demonstration of Leishmania in tissue specimens or cultures, or by serologic testing.…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Visceral Leishmaniasis: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment Regimens in Different Geographical Areas with a Focus on Pediatrics

et al. 2022

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Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is a vector-borne disease caused by an intracellular protozoa of the genus Leishmania that can be lethal if not treated. VL is caused by Leishmania donovani in Asia and in Eastern Africa, where the pathogens’ reservoir is represented by humans, and by Leishmania infantum in Latin America and in the Mediterranean area, where VL is a zoonotic disease and dog is the main reservoir. A part of the infected individuals become symptomatic, with irregular fever, splenomegaly, anemia or pancytopenia, and weakness, whereas others are asymptomatic. VL treatment has made progress in the last decades with the use of new drugs such as liposomal amphotericin B, and with new therapeutic regimens including monotherapy or a combination of drugs, aiming at shorter treatment duration and avoiding the development of resistance. However, the same treatment protocol may not be effective all over the world, due to differences in the infecting Leishmania species, so depending on the geographical area. This narrative review presents a comprehensive description of the clinical picture of VL, especially in children, the diagnostic approach, and some insight into the most used pharmacological therapies available worldwide.

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“…VL is usually fatal unless promptly treated. The most common clinical manifestations are prolonged fever, splenomegaly, pancytopenia, hepatomegaly, hypergammaglobulinaemia and weight loss [3]. VL represents a common co-infection in HIV-positive individuals from endemic areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visceral Leishmaniasis Associated with B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Report of a Case and Review of the Literature

Zanelli

Tafuni

Sanguedolce

et al. 2022

Life

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Infections often complicate the course of hematological diseases and may represent a diagnostic challenge. In particular, visceral leishmaniasis diagnosis may be missed in lymphoma patients, as lymphoma-related immunosuppression can lead to a misleadingly negative Leishmania serology and to atypical clinical manifestations, including the lack of fever, considered a common symptom in leishmaniasis. Herein, we report a case of visceral leishmaniasis in a patient with a long history of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia presenting with increasing fatigue and diarrhea, in the absence of fever. Leishmania serology was negative. Bone marrow biopsy performed with the clinical suspicion of transformation to high-grade lymphoma disclosed intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies resembling Leishmania amastigotes within the cytoplasm of macrophages, and CD1a immunohistochemical expression helped to confirm the diagnosis of leishmaniasis. Liposomal amphotericin B was administered with complete symptom resolution. The correct identification of Leishmania is critical as visceral leishmaniasis represents a severe disease with an often fatal outcome, particularly in frail patients, unless promptly recognized and adequately treated. A review of the literature of visceral leishmaniasis cases occurring in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients is performed.

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Visceral Leishmaniasis: Kala‐azar

Cited by 11 publications

References 7 publications

Epidemiological Aspects and High Magnitude of Human Visceral Leishmaniasis in Ceará, Northeast of Brazil, 2007-2021

Epidemiological Aspects and High Magnitude of Human Visceral Leishmaniasis in Ceará, Northeast of Brazil, 2007-2021

Visceral Leishmaniasis: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment Regimens in Different Geographical Areas with a Focus on Pediatrics

Visceral Leishmaniasis Associated with B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Report of a Case and Review of the Literature

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