Visceral Mycoses as a Cause of Severe HIV Infection and Death

Abstract

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of systemic fungal infections among HIV-infected individuals. The article aimed to examine the frequency of invasive mycoses among the HIV-infected patients at the time of their urgent and/or planned admission to a specialized hospital. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The diagnostic methods used in this study involved physical examination, laboratory testing, bacteriological examination, immunological examination, molecular genetic testing, and radiological imaging. The study was conducted under the ethical guidelines for retrospective studies and does not disclose data on individual patients. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Between 2016 and 2018, 85 HIV patients who died with HIV history underwent a series of clinical and pathomorphological examinations at the Novgorod Regional Infectious Diseases Hospital. Systemic mycoses frequently occur in the respiratory system and less often in the brain. Their incidence is severe and the mortality rates associated with it are high. In this study, PCP was the most common cause of death provoked by mycoses. <b><i>Discussion/Conclusion:</i></b> Systemic fungal disease can be diagnosed through a combination of diagnostic methods. A crucial factor in the reduction of mortality rates for systemic mycosis is the early diagnosis and intensive antimicrobial therapy.

Global prevalence, mortality, and main characteristics of HIV-associated pneumocystosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Our random effect models for SMD analysis of serum levels of CD4 + T cells [ 43 , 49 , 55 , 56 , 58 – 62 , 74 , 88 , 91 , 92 ], LDH [ 48 , 55 , 64 , 65 , 88 ], and BDG [ 45 , 55 , 59 , 64 , 92 ] in 12, 5, and 5 studies (respectively), indicated that serum levels of CD4 + T cells (SMD: -0.617; 95% CI:-1.122 to -0.111; I 2 : 95.1%;P = 0.000) and LDH (SMD: -0.089; 95% CI:-0.089 to 0.267; I 2 : 8.2%;P = 0.36) did not differ statistically between HIV/PCP-positive and HIV-positive PCP-negative patients. However, the mean serum and/or BAL levels of BDG of HIV/PCP-positive patients were higher than HIV-positive PCP-negatives (SMD: 2.664; 95% CI:1.110 to 4.217; I 2 : 97.7%;P = 0.000)( Table 2 ).…”

Quantifying Deaths from Aspergillosis in HIV Positive People

“…We published the first major series of aspergillosis in 13 HIV-infected patients in 1991 and identified a subgroup of obstructing bronchial aspergillosis [4]. Major series of aspergillosis in HIV-infected patients since 2000 were published from USA in 2000 [5], France in 2002 [6], Italy in 2002 [7], Italy in 2009 [8], Japan [9], France [10] and Russia in 2021 [11]. The literature on aspergillosis and HIV infection has been reviewed in 1994 [12,13] in 2000 [5] and again in 2016 [2], but aside from general reviews, autopsy series and case reports, the literature has been relatively silent on this topic.…”