Visceral-to-subcutaneous fat ratio is independently related to small and large cerebrovascular lesions even in healthy subjects

Higuchi, Satoshi; Kabeya, Yusuke; Kato, Kiyoe

doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.03.001

Cited by 32 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Indeed, visceral adipose tissue has been repeatedly uncovered as an important risk factor for metabolic and CV disease, including coronary atherosclerosis [29,30] and cerebrovascular lesions. [31] Lipotoxicity is a relevant term in this matter, used to describe the deleterious effect of tissue fat accumulation, initially regarding glucose metabolism, but increasingly associated with other processes, including atherosclerosis, through the possible mechanism of fat-induced chronic inflammation. [32] Positive associations between total periaortic adipose tissue volume and CV disease have been established based on data from the Framingham Heart Study and others.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of abdominal fat on abdominal aorta calcification measured on non-enhanced CT

et al. 2018

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Cardiovascular (CV) morbidity, atherosclerosis, and obesity are all targets of clinical concern and vast research, as is the association between them. Aim of this study is to assess the impact of adipose tissue (including visceral and subcutaneous fat) on abdominal aorta calcification measured on non-enhanced computed tomography (CT). We retrospectively included 492 patients who underwent non-enhanced CT scans during workup for clinically suspected renal colic. All scans were reviewed for abdominal aorta calcification, liver attenuation, and thickness of visceral and subcutaneous fat. Multivariate general linear regression models were used to assess the association between abdominal aorta calcium score and adiposity measures. In the model that included only adiposity measures; visceral fat thickness had statistically significant direct association with abdominal aorta calcium score (B = 67.1, P <.001), whereas subcutaneous pelvic fat thickness had a significant inverse association with abdominal aorta calcium score (B = −22.34, P <.001). Only the association of subcutaneous pelvic fat thickness with abdominal aorta calcium score remained statistically significant when controlling for age, sex, smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia (B = −21.23, P <.001). In this model, the association of visceral fat remained statistically significant in females (B = 84.28, P = .001) but not in males (B = 0.47, P = .973). Visceral fat thickness and subcutaneous pelvic fat thickness were found to have opposing associations with abdominal aorta calcium score. This suggests that while visceral fat may have a lipotoxic effect on aortic atherosclerotic processes, subcutaneous pelvic fat may have a protective role in these processes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of abdominal fat on abdominal aorta calcification measured on non-enhanced CT

et al. 2018

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“…This finding contrasts with previous imaging-based studies, which found an association between AVF and CIMT [ 11 ], as well as with total cerebral artery plaque volume; however, that study was limited by a small sample size of 25 subjects, which only allowed for univariate analysis [ 14 ]. In another study, AVF was associated with stenosis or occlusion in cerebral arteries; however, stenosis was evaluated as a categorical variable using the cut-off of ≥70%, and the participants were Asian and aged 40 years or older [ 43 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphometric measurements of systemic atherosclerosis and visceral fat: Evidence from an autopsy study

et al. 2017

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BackgroundMorphometric measurements of systemic atherosclerosis and direct quantification of visceral fat are only possible using materials from autopsy studies. However, the few autopsy studies that have investigated the association of visceral fat with atherosclerosis had small sample sizes and focused on coronary arteries of young or middle-aged White subjects. We aimed to investigate the association of pericardial fat (PF) and abdominal visceral fat (AVF) with atherosclerosis in the aorta, coronary, carotid, and cerebral arteries in a large autopsy study.Materials and methodsWe evaluated deceased subjects aged 30 years or above. We dissected and weighted the PF and the AVF and evaluated the atherosclerotic burden in the aorta, as well as the carotid, coronary, and cerebral arteries using morphometric measurements. We also investigated the interaction of PF and AVF with age regarding the atherosclerotic burden.ResultsThe mean age of the 240 included subjects was 64.8±15.3 years, and 63% was male. Greater PF was associated with a higher degree of aortic atherosclerosis after adjusting for confounding variables (coefficient = 4.39, 95% CI = 0.83; 7.94, p = 0.02). Greater AVF was associated with a higher coronary stenosis index (coefficient = 1.49, 95% CI = 0.15; 2.83, p = 0.03) and a greater number of coronary plaques (coefficient = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.24; 1.19, p = 0.003). We did not find an association of PF or AVF with carotid or cerebral atherosclerotic burden. We found a significant interaction of AVF (coefficient = -0.08; 95% CI = -0.14; -0.02, p = 0.009) and PF (coefficient = -0.87, 95% CI = -1.70; -0.04, p = 0.04) with age regarding carotid artery atherosclerotic burden.ConclusionsGreater AVF was associated with greater atherosclerotic burden and extent in coronary arteries, while greater PF correlated with a higher degree of atherosclerosis in the aorta.

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“…Early documentation and intervention may be required in case of such lesions if the subjects are presented with treatable atherosclerotic risk factors. We have formerly reported the strong relationship between DWMLs and visceral-to-subcutaneous fat ratio, which is determined by abdominal computed tomography 4 . Although the ratio is useful for the risk stratification of cerebral ischemic change, the cost and the exposure to radiation are challenging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Bilirubin Levels Indicate a High Risk of Cerebral Deep White Matter Lesions in Apparently Healthy Subjects

Higuchi

Kabeya

Uchida

et al. 2018

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Recent studies have reported that deep white matter lesions (DWMLs) on magnetic resonance imaging scans are related to the risk of developing impaired cognitive function in future. Bilirubin exhibits a potent antioxidant effect and an inverse relationship has been reported between bilirubin levels and the risk of several atherosclerotic diseases; however, there is limited evidence with regard to the effect of bilirubin levels on cerebrovascular diseases including DWMLs. This cross-sectional study included 1121 apparently healthy Japanese adults. The subjects were divided into three groups according to their bilirubin levels (low, <0.5 mg/dl; intermediate, ≥0.5 mg/dl and <1.0 mg/dl; and high, ≥1.0 mg/dl). The severity of DWMLs was evaluated according to Fazekas scale and their relation to bilirubin levels was examined. The association between bilirubin levels and the presence of severe DWMLs was assessed using multivariate logistic regression analysis. The analysis revealed that the low- and intermediate bilirubin groups indicated 2.36- and 1.33-fold increase in the prevalence of severe DWMLs compared with the high-bilirubin group, respectively (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.12–4.97 (the low-bilirubin group), 95% CI: 0.85–2.07 (the intermediate-bilirubin group). In conclusion, low total bilirubin levels could be associated with a high prevalence of severe DWMLs in apparent healthy subjects.

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Visceral-to-subcutaneous fat ratio is independently related to small and large cerebrovascular lesions even in healthy subjects

Cited by 32 publications

References 19 publications

The impact of abdominal fat on abdominal aorta calcification measured on non-enhanced CT

The impact of abdominal fat on abdominal aorta calcification measured on non-enhanced CT

Morphometric measurements of systemic atherosclerosis and visceral fat: Evidence from an autopsy study

Low Bilirubin Levels Indicate a High Risk of Cerebral Deep White Matter Lesions in Apparently Healthy Subjects

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