Viscero-sympathetic reflex responses to mechanical stimulation of pelvic viscera in the cat

Häbler, Heinz-Joachim; Hilbers, K.; Jänig, Wilfrid; Koltzenburg, M; Kümmel, H.; Lobenberg-Khosravi, N.; Michaelis, M.

doi:10.1016/0165-1838(92)90234-8

Cited by 22 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Within this range of intravesical pressure almost all myelinated bladder afferents have their thresholds and greatest sensitivity. It is also in this pressure range that vesico-sympathetic reflexes are evoked in vasoconstrictor neurones (Hiibler, Hilbers, Jiinig, Koltzenburg, Kiimmel, Lobenberg-Khosravi & Michaelis, 1992) leading to a rise of systemic blood pressure (Lapides & Lovegrove 1965;Hiibler et al 1992). Furthermore, the inhibitory responses observed in primate thoracic spinothalamic tract neurones to graded urinary bladder distension also mirror threshold and quantitative pressure-response relations of myelinated bladder afferents (Brennan, Oh, Hobbs, Garrison & Foreman, 1989).…”

Section: Sacral Rhizotomymentioning

confidence: 99%

Myelinated primary afferents of the sacral spinal cord responding to slow filling and distension of the cat urinary bladder.

Häbler

Jänig

Koltzenburg

1993

The Journal of Physiology

150

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1. A total of sixty-five sacral afferent neurones with myelinated fibres supplying the urinary bladder was recorded from the sacral roots S2 in anaesthetized cats. All afferent units were identified with electrical stimulation of the pelvic nerve. The discharge properties were quantitatively evaluated using slow filling at rates of 1-2 ml min-1 and isotonic distension to preset pressure levels. Eight afferents were studied prior to and after acute sacral de-efferentation of the urinary bladder. 2. All afferent units were silent when the bladder was empty and responded in a graded manner to an increase of intravesical pressure. During slow filling the level of afferent activity correlated closely with the level of the intravesical pressure. All afferents behaved like slowly adapting mechanoreceptors with both a dynamic and static component of their discharge. With the exception of two units the intraluminal pressure threshold was below 25 mmHg. Thus virtually all myelinated afferents respond in the pressure range that is reached during a non-painful micturition cycle. 3. The stimulus-response functions of the afferents were similar regardless of whether intravesical pressure was increased by slow filling or by distension. However, during slow filling stimulation response functions often exhibited steeper slopes between 5 and 25 mmHg indicating that relatively small changes of intravesical pressure result in large changes of afferent activity. Nevertheless, all units displayed monotonically increasing stimulus response functions throughout the innocuous and noxious pressure level. 4. The stimulus-response functions of the afferent neurones did not change after acute de-efferentation of the urinary bladder, although the rapid phasic fluctuations of afferent activity that are produced by small contractions of the urinary bladder under normal conditions largely disappeared. This means that contractions and distension activate the afferent endings by a common mechanism. 5. It is concluded that the myelinated sacral afferents of the urinary bladder form a homogeneous population which encodes all information necessary for the normal regulation of this organ. Furthermore, this set of afferents mediates all sensations which may reach consciousness within a normal micturition cycle.

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Section: Sacral Rhizotomymentioning

confidence: 99%

Myelinated primary afferents of the sacral spinal cord responding to slow filling and distension of the cat urinary bladder.

Häbler

Jänig

Koltzenburg

1993

The Journal of Physiology

150

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“…Among these three mechanical stimuli, circumferential stretch correlates closely with the distending mechanical stimulus that induces pain in patients with IBS (3). The response characteristics of PN stretch-sensitive afferent fibers have been studied either using in vivo animal models in which colorectal distension was produced by balloon inflation (2,17,32,37) or in vitro models where the colorectum was dissected free, opened longitudinally, and pinned flat in a recording chamber to study receptive endings (5,19,34). However, no studies have targeted mechanosensitive rectal afferents to systematically characterize and contrast stretch response functions in the PN between fibers innerving the distal colon vs. rectum.…”

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confidence: 99%

Differential roles of stretch-sensitive pelvic nerve afferents innervating mouse distal colon and rectum

Feng

Brumovsky

Gebhart

2010

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

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Feng B, Brumovsky PR, Gebhart GF. Differential roles of stretchsensitive pelvic nerve afferents innervating mouse distal colon and rectum. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 298: G402-G409, 2010. First published January 14, 2010; doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00487.2009.-Information about colorectal distension (i.e., colorectal dilation by increased intraluminal pressure) is primarily encoded by stretch-sensitive colorectal afferents in the pelvic nerve (PN). Despite anatomic differences between rectum and distal colon, little is known about the functional roles of colonic vs. rectal afferents in the PN pathway or the quantitative nature of mechanosensory encoding. We utilized an in vitro mouse colorectum-PN preparation to investigate pressure-encoding characteristics of colorectal afferents. The colorectum with PN attached was dissected, opened longitudinally, and pinned flat in a Sylgard-lined chamber. Action potentials of afferent fibers evoked by circumferential stretch (servo-controlled force actuator) were recorded from the PN. Stretch-sensitive fibers were categorized into the following four groups: colonic muscular, colonic muscular/mucosal, rectal muscular, and rectal muscular/mucosal. Seventy-nine stretchsensitive PN afferents evenly distributed into the above four groups were studied. Rectal muscular afferents had significantly greater stretch-responses than the other three groups. Virtually all rectal afferents (98%) had low thresholds for response and encoded stimulus intensity into the noxious range without obvious saturation. Most colonic afferents (72%) also had low thresholds (Ͻ14 mmHg), but a significant proportion (28%) had high thresholds (Ͼ18 mmHg) for response. These high-threshold colonic afferents were sensitized to stretch by inflammatory soup; response threshold was significantly reduced (from 23 to 12 mmHg), and response magnitude significantly increased. These results suggest that the encoding of mechanosensory information differs between colonic and rectal stretch-sensitive PN afferents. Rectal afferents have a wide response range to stretch, whereas high-threshold colonic afferents likely contribute to visceral nociception. muscular afferents; muscular/mucosal afferents; single-fiber recording; irritable bowel syndrome FUNCTIONAL GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are characterized by altered bowel habits, discomfort, pain, and colorectal hypersensitivity (12). Typically, patients have significantly lower response thresholds to provocative visceral stimuli (e.g., distension of hollow organs) and complain of increased sensitivity and discomfort to ingestion of food or beverages (16). Balloon distension of the pelvic colorectum has been widely employed to quantify sensation (principally discomfort and pain) in patients with IBS as a means of assessing colorectal hypersensitivity relative to normal subjects (e.g., Ref.3). Growing evidence from both clinical and basic science research reveals that peripheral sensory input plays a key role in sustaining visceral p...

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“…Sympathetic reflexes in the somatic tissues following visceral stimulations are well documented in animal studies (for review see Jänig and Häbler, 1995)and further demonstrated by decreases in the activity of skin vasoconstricter nerves following distension of the bladder (Häbler et al, 1992). In spinally transected animals, the opposite (a decrease in skin temperature) was found, reflecting the influence by supraspinal control on these reflexes (Jänig, 1985).…”

Section: Viscero-somatic Reflexesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Viscero‐somatic reflexes in referred pain areas evoked by capsaicin stimulation of the human gut

Arendt-Nielsen

Schipper

Dimcevski

et al. 2008

European Journal of Pain

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The interaction between visceral pain and the sympathetic nervous system is only sparsely investigated in quantitative human studies. Referred visceral pain can be evoked experimentally by application of substances such as capsaicin (the pungent substance of chilli pepper) to the gut. The aim of the present study was to induce referred visceral pain from the small and large intestine in 32 volunteers via the stomal opening in patients with ileo- or colostomy and quantify the viscero-somatic reflex responses in these referred pain areas by thermography and laser doppler flowmetry. Capsaicin evoked pain and referred pain areas in all subjects. In the referred pain area, the temperature increased by approximately 0.6 degrees C (P<0.001) and the blood flow by approximately 35AU (P<0.001). Saline was used in a control experiment, and no temperature and blood flow changes were found. The present quantitative human study of viscero-somatic reflexes showed dramatic sympathetic responses in the referred pain areas after experimentally induced gut pain.

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Viscero-sympathetic reflex responses to mechanical stimulation of pelvic viscera in the cat

Cited by 22 publications

References 30 publications

Myelinated primary afferents of the sacral spinal cord responding to slow filling and distension of the cat urinary bladder.

Myelinated primary afferents of the sacral spinal cord responding to slow filling and distension of the cat urinary bladder.

Differential roles of stretch-sensitive pelvic nerve afferents innervating mouse distal colon and rectum

Viscero‐somatic reflexes in referred pain areas evoked by capsaicin stimulation of the human gut

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