Oil–water
two-phase flow widely exists in the petroleum industry, such as crude
oil production and transportation. The flow pattern and slip phenomenon
of oil–water two-phase flow have an important impact on the
rational design and management of oil wells and pipelines. Because
of the extremely high sensitivity of the terahertz wave to hydrogen
bonding, terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) is used to study
oil–water two-phase flows with the input water fraction ranging
from 0.5 to 5.0%. The flow rate is controlled in the range of 0.6–0.0
m3/h, and the flow pattern transition and slip phenomenon
in horizontal circular pipes have been studied experimentally and
theoretically. In a word, the flow pattern and critical flow rate
for the flow pattern transition can be distinguished by amplitudes
of THz-TDS of the oil–water two-phase flows. The work indicates
that, at a low Q value, the flow pattern is an oil
layer over a dispersion of water-in-oil (O & DW/O) flow and the
ratio of in situ oil to water velocity is smaller
than those at a high Q value, where the flow is a
water-in-oil (W/O) flow.