In this paper, the effect of heat treatment (solution treatment and artificial aging) on the microstructure and properties of as-cast Al5Si1Cu0.5Mg aluminum alloy and its composite reinforced with 1.5 wt.% SiC particles was studied. The results showed that at 520 • C the optimal solution time for the aluminum alloy and its composite is 9 h and 6 h, respectively. After solution treatment, the microstructure of these two materials consists of a uniform distribution of nearly spherical eutectic Si and skeletal γ phase, furthermore, the composite eutectic Si phase is smaller and γ phase is more dispersed. After artificial aging at 175 • C for 6 h, the microstructure of the composite is more dispersed and finer than that of the aluminum alloy on the whole and Al 2 Cu is precipitated. After heat treatment, the microhardness, ultimate tensile strength, and elongation of the aluminum alloy and its composite are higher than those of the as-casts. At the same time, the morphology of tensile fracture surface changes very much from a large area of cleavage plane to a large number of dimples and the tearing ridges become thicker for both the aluminum alloy and its composite.Metals 2019, 9, 1205 2 of 10 intermetallic phases, such as Al 2 Cu, some phases containing copper and magnesium elements, and for changing the morphology of eutectic silicon phase; (ii) quenching, usually at room temperature, to obtain a supersaturated solid solution; (iii) age hardening, namely, the precipitation of different types of precipitated phases such as Mg 2 Si, Al 2 Cu and Al 5 Mg 8 Si 6 Cu 2 from the supersaturated solid solution either at room temperature (natural aging) or at an elevated temperature (artificial aging). During T6 heat treatment, many researchers [7,10,11] found that solution time, aging time, aging temperature, and some other parameters have a great influence on the microstructure and properties of aluminum alloys. For example, Costa et al. [7] found that for a directionally solidified Al-Si-Cu alloy, the profile of secondary dendrite arm spacing values obtained along the length of the DS casing increased only when the solution time adopted in the T6 heat treatment was increased from 5 to 8 h. They also found that the samples heat treated with a solution time of 8 h exhibited a decrease in hardness when compared to that of samples subjected to a solution time of 5 h, which may be associated with the corresponding increase in the dendritic arm spacing, coarsening of Si particles, and collapse of tertiary dendritic arms that makes the dendritic network less complex. Ceschini et al. [11] found that the hardness, yield strength, and ultimate tensile strength of as-cast CAl5Si1Cu0.5Mg alloy, the chemical composition of which is similar to that of Al5Si1Cu0.5Mg alloy, were obviously reduced after overaging treatment, which was mainly caused by the coarsening of precipitated phases in the crystal. Thus, it is of importance to select the parameters of heat treatment to improve microstructure and mechanical properties of aluminum alloy...