Viscoelasticity of multicellular surfaces

2020

Front. Phys.

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Various types of mechanical waves, such as propagative waves and standing waves, are observed during 2D collective cell migration. Propagative waves are generated during monolayer free expansion, whereas standing waves are generated during swirling motion of a confluent monolayer. Significant attempts have been made to describe the main characteristics of mechanical waves obtained within various experimental systems. However, much less attention is paid to correlate the viscoelasticity with the generated oscillatory instabilities. Mechanical waves have recognized during flow of various viscoelastic systems under low Reynolds number and called "the elastic turbulence." In addition to Reynolds number, Weissenberg number is needed for characterizing the elastic turbulence. The viscoelastic resistive force generated during collective cell migration caused by a residual stress accumulation is capable of inducing apparent inertial effects by balancing with other forces such as the surface tension force, the traction force, and the resultant force responsible for cell migration. The resultant force represents a product of various biochemical processes such as cell signaling and gene expression. The force balance induces (1) forward flow and backward flow in the direction of cell migration as characteristics of the propagative waves and (2) inflow and outflow perpendicular to the direction of migration as characteristics of the standing waves. The apparent inertial effects are essential for appearing the elastic turbulence and represent the characteristic of (1) the backward flow during the monolayer free expansion and (2) the inflow during the cell swirling motion within a confluent monolayer.

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Section: Viscoelasticity Of Multicellular Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanical Oscillations in 2D Collective Cell Migration: The Elastic Turbulence

2020

Front. Phys.

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“…Recent studies suggest that the dynamic tuning of the viscoelasticity within a migratory cluster of cells, and the adequate elastic properties of its surrounding tissues, are essential to allow efficient collective cell migration (2)(3). Consequently, the viscoelasticity depends on (1) viscoelasticity of migrating cell clusters, (2) viscoelasticity of surrounding resting cells, and (3) configuration of migrating cells (4,7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This consideration can be useful for biologists to plane their experiments for considering stress distribution during 3D collective cell migration and its influence on configuration of migrating cells and the distribution of adhesion contacts. 7…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Collective cell migration and residual stress accumulation: modeling consideration

2019

Preprint

Collective cell migration induces a local generation of stress (normal and shear) significant even in . Cells well tolerate compressive stress up to a few kPa. However, shear stress of a few Pa can induce severe damage to vimentin and keratin intermediate filament networks during 1 h, while shear stress of ~60 can cause the inflammation in epithelial cells during 5.5 h. Deeper insight into cell strategy to minimize undesirable shear stress is a priority in order to understand various biological processes. Cell strategy should be connected with the type and distribution of adhesion contacts such as adherens junctions and tight junctions per migrating clusters and surrounding perturbed boundary layers. 3 Abstract Stress generation during collective cell migration represents one of the key factors which influence the configuration of migrating cells, viscoelasticity of multicellular systems and their inter-relation. Local generation of stress (normal and shear) is significant even in 2D (up to ~100 − 150 ). Compressive stress is primarily accumulated (1) within a core region of migrating cell clusters during their movement through the dense environment and (2) during the collisions of migrating cell clusters caused by uncorrelated motility. Shear stress can be significant within perturbed boundary layers around migrating clusters. Cells are more sensitive to the action of shear stress compared with compressive stress. Shear stress of a few Pa significantly influences cell state. Deeper insight into cell strategy to minimize undesirable shear stress is a priority in order to understand various biological processes such as morphogenesis, wound healing and cancer invasion. We pointed out to cause-consequence relations of these complex phenomena based on rheological modeling consideration in order to stimulate further experimental work.Cell strategy should be connected with the type and distribution of adhesion contacts such as adherens junctions and tight junctions per migrating clusters in order to (1) reinforce the cluster structure perpendicular to the direction of cell migration and (2) ensure structural elasticity of cluster in the direction of migration. These conditions lead to the stiffness inhomogeneity per single migrating clusters. Cell strategy should also be related to the state of the perturbed boundary layer around the cluster in the context of its thickness and slip effects.

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Viscoelasticity of multicellular systems caused by collective cell migration: dynamics at the biointerface

2020

Eur Biophys J