Viscoplastic fracture transition of a biopolymer gel

Frieberg, Bradley; Garatsa, Ray-Shimry; Jones, Ronald L.; Bachert, John O.; Crawshaw, Benjamin; Liu, X. Michael; Chan, Edwin P.

doi:10.1039/c8sm00722e

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The term cavitation rheology was introduced in 2007 by Zimberlin et al (51) to refer to the characterization technique where a pressurized fluid, either gas or liquid, is injected at the tip of a needle embedded in a gel (i.e., needle-induced cavitation [NIC]), and it has since been widely adopted (17,18,35,36,47,(51)(52)(53)(54)(55)(56)(57)(58)(59)(60)(61)(62)(63)(64)(65). As a diverse set of independently developed cavitation-based characterization techniques has emerged, cavitation rheology has grown to encompass a broad set of characterization methods in addition to NIC (Fig.…”

Section: Cavitation Rheology Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When deformation is driven by elasticity, a simplified version of Eq. 1 is used to relate the critical pressure P c to the elastic modulus E of the sample (17,18,35,36,47,(51)(52)(53)(54)(55)(56)(57)(58)(59)62):…”

Section: Goals Of Cavitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cavitation and fracture mechanisms, as discussed in Cavitation and Fracture, are observed in NIC (47). Critical pressure for fracture initiated expansion P f in NIC is often modeled with the linear elastic solution for a penny-shaped crack (47,57,(59)(60)(61):…”

Section: A B Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cavitation in soft matter

Barney

Dougan

McLeod

et al. 2020

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

115

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Cavitation is the sudden, unstable expansion of a void or bubble within a liquid or solid subjected to a negative hydrostatic stress. Cavitation rheology is a field emerging from the development of a suite of materials characterization, damage quantification, and therapeutic techniques that exploit the physical principles of cavitation. Cavitation rheology is inherently complex and broad in scope with wide-ranging applications in the biology, chemistry, materials, and mechanics communities. This perspective aims to drive collaboration among these communities and guide discussion by defining a common core of highpriority goals while highlighting emerging opportunities in the field of cavitation rheology. A brief overview of the mechanics and dynamics of cavitation in soft matter is presented. This overview is followed by a discussion of the overarching goals of cavitation rheology and an overview of common experimental techniques. The larger unmet needs and challenges of cavitation in soft matter are then presented alongside specific opportunities for researchers from different disciplines to contribute to the field. soft solids | traumatic brain injury | TBI | rheology | bubble Cavitation is the sudden, unstable expansion of a void or bubble within a liquid or solid subjected to a negative hydrostatic stress. While predominantly studied in fluids, cavitation is also an origin of damage in soft materials, including biological tissues. Examples of cavitation in fluids and soft solids are shown in Fig. 1 A-C. As one key example, strong evidence suggests that cavitation occurs in the brain during sudden impacts, leading to traumatic brain injury (TBI) (3). Research on this life-impacting injury and its relation to cavitation has accelerated in recent years (4-8). A broader and deeper understanding of cavitation within soft matter is necessary to navigate the complex paths that lead to damage in the brain and other soft materials. Cavitation in fluids has been studied extensively since Rayleigh's (9) formulation in 1917, which predicted that the maximum pressure in a cavitating liquid is proportional to the far-field pressure and inversely proportional to the cavity size. As surface energy

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Section: Cavitation Rheology Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Goals Of Cavitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cavitation in soft matter

Barney

Dougan

McLeod

et al. 2020

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

115

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“…These values are comparable to the other crosslinked hydrogels like polyacrylamide, 29 hydrophobically modified acrylic gels, 22 alginate/polyacrylamide, or gelatin hydrogels. 31 With the increase in monomer concentration, a higher modulus (   Since we have maintained a constant monomer to crosslinker ratio, an increase in monomer concentration increases the crosslinking density leading to a higher gel modulus. 28 Strainstiffening behavior observed in all three gels at high  can be related to the finite-extensibility of the chains 32,33 as most likely, the hydrophobic aggregates dissociate, and the PPG chains are stretched.…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Achieving High-Speed Retraction in Stretchable Hydrogels

Prado

Mishra

Morgan

et al. 2020

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Hydrogels mimicking elastomeric biopolymers such as resilin, responsible for power amplified activities in biological species necessary for locomotion, feeding, and defense, can have applications in soft-robotics and prosthetics. Here, we report a bioinspired hydrogel synthesized through a free radical polymerization reaction. By maintaining a balance between the hydrophilic and hydrophobic components, we obtain gels with elastic modulus as high as 100 kPa, stretchability up to 800%, and resilience up to 98%. Such properties enable these gels to catapult projectiles. Further, these gels achieve a retraction velocity of 16 m s-1 with an acceleration of 4×10 3 m s-2 when released from a stretched state, and these values are comparable to those observed in many biological species during the power amplification process. By utilizing and tuning the simple synthetic strategy used here, these gels can be used in soft robotics, prosthetics, and engineered devices where power amplification is desired.

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“…These values are comparable to the other crosslinked hydrogels like polyacrylamide, 29 hydrophobically modified acrylic gels, 22 alginate/polyacrylamide, 30 or gelatin hydrogels. 31 With the increase in monomer concentration, a higher modulus (…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Achieving High-Speed Retraction in a Stretchable Hydrogel

Prado¹,

Mishra²,

Morgan³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Many biological species apply the power amplification mechanism for locomotion, feeding, and protection. In power amplification, a biological system rapidly releases stored-energy by achieving a very high velocity over a short period of time, resulting in high power output. Such power amplification allows insects such as locust to jump and Mantis shrimp to kill prey by its appendage strike. Biological elastomeric polymers such as resilin play a vital role in the power amplification process because of their high stretchability and resilience. In synthetic materials, although<br>crosslinked rubbers display high stretchability and resilience, such is difficult to achieve in the water-containing systems such as in hydrogels, commonly considered materials for mimicking biological tissues. Here, we have used a simple free-radical polymerization of acrylic acid (AAc), methacrylamide (MAAm), and polypropylene glycol diacrylate (PPGDA) to obtain hydrogels. In these gels, the polymerized AAc and MAAm act as hydrophilic blocks and PPG as hydrophobic, and the gel structure resemble that of resilin consisting of hydrophilic and hydrophobic components. The bioinspired gels display very high stretchability, as high as eight times the original length, and greater than 90% resilience. In addition, the gel samples can reach a retraction velocity of 16 m/s with an acceleration of 4X10^3 m/s2. These values are similar or better than those observed in water containing biological systems, such as appendage strikes in Mantis shrimp, etc. To the best of our knowledge, such performance has not been reported in the<br>literature for any water containing networks.

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Viscoplastic fracture transition of a biopolymer gel

Cited by 14 publications

References 23 publications

Cavitation in soft matter

Cavitation in soft matter

Achieving High-Speed Retraction in Stretchable Hydrogels

Achieving High-Speed Retraction in a Stretchable Hydrogel

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