Viscosities of ammonium salts in water and ethanol+water systems at different temperatures

Saeed, Rehana; Uddin, Fahim; Masood, Summyia; Asif, Nida

doi:10.1016/j.molliq.2009.02.009

Cited by 22 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Note that this expression is nearly identical to the Arrhenius equation that describes the temperature variation of the rate constant of a chemical reaction, except Eq. (1) does not have a negative sign in the exponential which causes the viscosity to decrease with increasing temperature [30]. This proves that the mobility (1/μ) of liquid molecules is a temperature-activated process [27,31].…”

Section: Viscositymentioning

confidence: 81%

Zinc (II) chloride-based deep eutectic solvents for application as electrolytes: Preparation and characterization

Bagh

Shahbaz

Mjalli

et al. 2015

Journal of Molecular Liquids

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Section: Viscositymentioning

confidence: 81%

Zinc (II) chloride-based deep eutectic solvents for application as electrolytes: Preparation and characterization

Bagh

Shahbaz

Mjalli

et al. 2015

Journal of Molecular Liquids

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“…When the solute is dissolved into the solvent two types of interactions ion-ion and ion-solvent occur. This may be due to the inter penetration effect of cation-cation and cation-anion which brings ions together and is responsible for the increase of ion-ion interactions [9][10][11][12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The coefficient of viscosity thus falls appreciably with the rise of temperature. Arrhenius [13] pointed out the effect of temperature on viscosity by means of an exponential equation measuring the activation energy,…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of CuCl2·6H2O and ZnCl2·6H2O on the viscosity of aqueous ethanol mixtures

Khan¹,

Uddin

Saeed

et al. 2011

Front. Chem. China

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The effects of CuCl 2 and ZnCl 2 on the viscosity in aqueous ethanol mixtures (10%-50% v/v) were studied in the concentration range 1.0Â10 -2 -8.0Â10 -2 mol$dm -3 at different temperatures. It was found that the viscosities increased with an increase in the concentration of the salts and percent composition of ethanol content, whereas it decreased with an increase in temperature. Ion-ion and ion-solvent interactions are determined with the help of A-and B-coefficients of Jones-Dole equation. The values of A-and B-coefficients are irregular and increase with a rise in temperature and also with an increase in ethanol contents for both salts. Negative values of B-coefficients show that ion solvent interactions is comparatively small and suggest that CuCl 2 and ZnCl 2 behave as structure breakers in aqueous ethanol mixtures. Thermodynamic parameters like the energy of activation (E η ) and change in entropy of activation (ΔS*) were also evaluated which confirm the structure breaker behavior of salts in aqueous ethanol mixtures.

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“…The study of variation in molar conductance with temperature and solvent composition provides information about ionic mobility and solvent viscosity, hydrogen bonding ability, dielectric constant and specific interactions of ions with the solvent. The influence of various temperatures on conductivity measurement can give detailed information of ion-ion and ion-solvent interaction for different electrolytes solution [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. Molecular associations in liquid system and their variations with composition and temperature were studied by thermodynamic data [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conductometric, spectrophotometric and thermodynamic studies of nickel sulfate in aqueous polyvinyl alcohol + methanol systems at different temperatures

2015

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The electrical conductance of nickel sulfate (NiSO4.6H2O) solutions in aqueous, aqueous polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH; 0.1, 0.5 and 0.9 g/dL), aqueous methanol (CH3OH) system (30%, v:v) and aqueous PVOH+CH3OH systems were measured in the concentration ranges 0.4×10 -2 to 10×10 -2 mol/L, at different temperatures (298, 303, 308, 313 and 318 K). Ionic interactions of nickel sulfate in aqueous and mixed solvent systems were measured by conductometric analysis. Different relations were used to evaluate conductometric data, for the calculation of molar conductance, molar conductance at infinite dilution (Ʌ°m), degree of dissociation (), dissociation constant (Kd) and Walden product. The increased in Ʌ°m values with the increase in percent composition of aqueous PVOH, show that PVOH interaction with solvents (water and methanol) was higher as compare to PVOH interaction with NiSO4. Solvent effect was also studied by spectrophotometric analysis of NiSO4 in aqueous, aqueous PVOH and aqueous PVOH + CH3OH system. Thermodynamic parameters for dissociation process such as energy of activation (Ea # ), free energy change of activation (ΔGd # ), enthalpy change of activation (ΔHd # ), and entropy change of activation (ΔSd # ) were also calculated as a function of temperature and solvent composition.

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Viscosities of ammonium salts in water and ethanol+water systems at different temperatures

Cited by 22 publications

References 12 publications

Zinc (II) chloride-based deep eutectic solvents for application as electrolytes: Preparation and characterization

Zinc (II) chloride-based deep eutectic solvents for application as electrolytes: Preparation and characterization

Effects of CuCl2·6H2O and ZnCl2·6H2O on the viscosity of aqueous ethanol mixtures

Conductometric, spectrophotometric and thermodynamic studies of nickel sulfate in aqueous polyvinyl alcohol + methanol systems at different temperatures

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