Viscosity and Density Measurements of High Temperature Melts

Development of Viscometer Based on Single Sphere Pulling Method for Application to High Temperature Melts

“…The viscosity of molten slag is known to be significantly influenced by the slag composition as well as temperature. Many model-based and experimental studies [5][6][7] have been conducted to evaluate the viscosities of multicomponent slags; however, the composition dependence of the slag viscosity has not yet been understood completely. In addition, when capillary refining is applied to the dephosphorization process, the molten slag is in equilibrium with the solid CaO or is saturated with phosphorus to form tricalcium phosphate; therefore, the viscosity information is particularly necessary for molten slag that is equilibrated with these solid phases.…”

“…[5][6][7] The rotational cylinder/crucible method determines the liquid viscosity by measuring the torque applied to a cylindrical material inserted in a liquid when the cylinder or the crucible is rotated at a controlled speed, and the method has mostly been used to determine a wide range of liquid viscosities with high accuracies. However, for accurate evaluation of the viscosity of molten slag equilibrated with a particular solid phase, it is appropriate to apply a method that determines liquid viscosity from the simple and static motion of the substances immersed in the liquid.…”

Viscosity of Industrially Important Al–Zn Alloys. I-Quasi-eutectic Alloys

“…Within the several methods available for measuring the viscosity, those suitable for molten metals and alloys are [1,5]: (a) the capillary method, (b) the oscillatingbody (cup, disk) methods, and (c) the rotational method. The most extensively used for liquid metals is the oscillating-cup method, as recently reported for Cu-Sn alloys [6], Ni-based alloys [7], and In-Se-Tl alloys [8].…”

“…[1]. Viscosity, density, heat capacity, and thermal conductivity are by far the most important physical properties for fluid flow and heat transfer processes, and their values influence directly the optimal technological design of items in process plants or solar energy power stations, such as those of molten salts [2].…”