Viscosity and Density of Ternary Solution of Calcium Chloride + Sodium Chloride + Water from T = (293.15 to 323.15) K

Abstract

Viscosities and densities of ternary systems of CaCl 2 − NaCl−water were measured in the range of T = (293.15 to 323.15) K at 5 K intervals and up to 4.5 mol•kg −1 . Two equations based on the Exponential and Goldsack and Franchetto models were applied to correlate the experimental viscosity data as a function of concentration and temperature. The optimized parameters showed that the presence of CaCl 2 had a prevailing effect on the viscosity of the ternary solutions than NaCl. The dependency of the viscosity optimized parameters on temperature was investigated, too. The average absolute deviation between calculated and experimental viscosities was below 1.4 %. The work compared the above-mentioned two models to the known extended Jones− Dole equation and found that both models do correlate the viscosity at higher concentrations better than the Jones−Dole equation. However, the exponential model shows the superior representation for the experimental viscosity values over the other two studied models. Density data were successfully predicted with an average absolute deviation of less than 0.45 %.

Experimental measurements and modelling of viscosity and density of calcium and potassium chlorides ternary solutions

“…(21) proposed by Kumar is accurate enough to predict the density of the ternary solution for the concentrations and temperatures range used in this study. This is true for the NaCl + CaCl 2 + H 2 O system as well 18 . conclusions Viscosity and density data for aqueous ternary system are still of interest for our industrial daily life applications.…”

“…In the previous work 18 , it has been shown that Eq. (3) failed to predict the corresponding viscosity of ternary solutions especially at higher concentrations.…”

“…The proposed model (Eq. 5) was also validated against another well-known binary system; NaCl + CaCl 2 + H 2 O based on the published data of the ternary system 18 . A-E coefficient for the binary NaCl solution were reported in Table 13.…”

“…All chemicals were used without further purification. Procedure used in this work is similar to the one followed in the previous work 18 . Briefly, stock solutions were prepared by dissolving weighed amounts of CaCl 2 and KCl in double distilled water with a resistivity of 18.2 mΩ cm under continuous stirring.…”

“…Regressing the binary data for KCl 23 to Eqs. (18) and (19), E and V values were calculated and reported in Table 16. E 2 and V 2 values that correspond for CaCl 2 binary data were taken from the work 18 .…”