Viscosity Changes during Mild Oxidation of Oilsands-Derived Bitumen: Solvent Effects and Selectivity

Zapata, José L. García; Klerk, Arno de

doi:10.1021/ef501341h

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…These methods include practices at subsurface conditions such as thermal processes in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and “cold” processes including injection of solvents and light crudes (Islam et al., 1992; McGuire et al., 2016; Picha, 2007), in situ deasphalting (Jamaluddin et al., 1996; Mokrys and Butler, 1993), and nanoparticle-based treatments (Taborda et al., 2016; Zabala et al., 2016). At surface conditions other techniques have been proposed like heating (Davletbaev et al., 2014), dilution (Alomair and Almusallam, 2013; García Zapata and De Klerk, 2014), oil in water emulsions (Alfonso and Drubey, 2008; Md. Saaid et al., 2014; Nguyen and Balsamo, 2013; Sharma et al., 1998), partial upgrading (Colyar, 2009; Luhning et al., 2002; Motaghi et al., 2010), annular flow (Bobok et al., 1996; Ghosh et al., 2009; Oliemans et al., 1987; Poesio and Strazza, 2007), and electromagnetic fields induction (Tao and Xu, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viscosity reduction of extra heavy crude oil by magnetite nanoparticle-based ferrofluids

Aristizábal-Fontal

Cortés

Franco

2017

Adsorption Science & Technology

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The main objective of this work is to synthesize and evaluate magnetite (Fe 3 O 4) nanoparticlebased ferrofluids for reducing the viscosity of an extra heavy crude oil. The carrier fluid of the nanoparticles was synthesized using an engine lubricant recycled from the automotive industry and hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide as a surfactant. Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles were synthesized by coprecipitation method. The effect of the concentration of nanoparticles in the viscosity reduction degree was determined for dosages between 0 and 50,000 mg/L. Different dosages of carrier fluid were evaluated between 0 and 10% v/v. The effects of the amount of brine emulsified, temperature, time, and shear rate were assessed. Overall, the results showed that viscosity and shear stress of extra heavy crude oil could be reduced up to 81 and 78% in the presence of ferrofluid, respectively. The rheological behavior of extra heavy crude oil in the presence and absence of ferrofluid was assessed by Cross, Ostwald-de Waele, and Herschel-Bulkley models.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viscosity reduction of extra heavy crude oil by magnetite nanoparticle-based ferrofluids

Aristizábal-Fontal

Cortés

Franco

2017

Adsorption Science & Technology

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“…It is known that oilsands materials can form stable emulsions and that oilsands derived materials have an unusually strong retention of toluene . The increase in mass of the organic phase observed for most of the products was partly due to emulsion formation and partly due to toluene that could not be completely removed.…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Metals Removal from Metal-Bridged Molecules by Acid Treatment of Oilsands Bitumen and Subfractions

Prado

Klerk

2016

Energy Fuels

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Multivalent metals in oilsands bitumen can be present in metal-bridged structures that keep smaller molecules together. Oilsands bitumen, maltenes, and asphaltenes were treated with hydrochloric acid to remove metals from these materials and evaluate the hypothesis that metals removal would improve asphaltenes to maltenes transformation. Single step acid treatment was effective for metal removal, particularly from asphaltenes. About 2600 μg/g divalent metals could be removed from the asphaltenes by washing with a 1 N HCl solution in a 4:1 mass ratio with the asphaltenes. Acid washing also resulted in some ester hydrolysis. Around 8 wt % of the asphaltenes fraction consisted of maltenes that were in the asphaltenes fraction as result of bridging and that could be returned to the maltenes fraction by acid treatment. It was estimated that the average molecular mass of these molecules liberated by acid treatment was of the order 700 g/mol. Water and/or acid washing did not meaningfully remove V and Ni. Multivalent metals were present predominantly in the organic phase, not in the connate water, and were removed mainly by acid washing. Water washing was deleterious and promoted emulsion formation. It was proposed that a pH-sensitive change in the relative concentration of phenol and phenoxide groups to increase the concentration of hydrophilic phenoxide groups was responsible for increased emulsion formation, and spectroscopic evidence in support of this was presented.

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“…Similarly, it was of interest that the mixing rules performed well over both a temperature and concentration range. These would be common constraints in theoretical studies, e.g., the conceptual design of alternative upgrading schemes where limited data is available or in studies where experimental measurement of viscosity is impractical, e.g., small-scale experimental investigations dealing with conversion of bitumen and heavy oil in which the removal of solvents from the reaction products is not possible or time consuming …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Viscosity is an important parameter in the assessment of experimental studies related to heavy oil and bitumen upgrading technologies. The behavior of this property is monitored to determine the benefits achieved using different strategies particularly when the effects of changes in the operating conditions or reaction chemistry are being investigated. − The dilution behavior of heavy oils and bitumen with a less viscous material is also relevant to fuel oil and marine oil production, blending of cut-back bitumen used in road paving, and blending for pipeline transport . When dealing with more refined heavy products, dilution of viscous materials is likewise important, such as viscosity dilution of lubricants during use …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viscosity Mixing Rules for Bitumen at 1–10 wt % Solvent Dilution When Only Viscosity and Density Are Known

Sánchez

Klerk

2020

Energy Fuels

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Viscosity is an important parameter to assess heavy oil and bitumen upgrading operations, such as bitumen dilution to meet pipeline viscosity specification limits. In conceptual design studies that involve blending of high-and low-viscosity materials, the experimental measurement of viscosity is impractical; therefore, such studies employ mixing rules to estimate mixture viscosity. Mixing rules for conceptual design evaluations where limited or no information apart from the viscosity and density of the bitumen and solvents is available were of interest. This study determined which viscosity mixing rules could be used with such limited input, what the predictive errors were, whether the performance of those mixing rules were measurably affected by changes in chemical composition, and if mixing rules could be applied at the <10 wt % solvent concentration in bitumen. Binary mixtures of 1−10 wt % of six different solvents (1-methylnaphthalene, decahydronaphthalene, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene, butylcyclohexane, butylbenzene, and n-decane) and Athabasca bitumen were prepared, and their viscosity, density, and refractive index were measured at 303, 313, and 333 K (30, 40, and 60 °C) and atmospheric pressure. The performance of mixing rules in predicting these properties for the binary mixtures at low solvent concentration was evaluated. It was found that the simple mixing rule, log [log (ν m + 0.7)] = Σw i log [log (ν i + 0.7)], and that by Miadonye et al. (Petrol. Sci. Technol. 2000, 18, 1−14) consistently gave the better viscosity estimation with an absolute average relative deviation (AARD) of around 30%. Within this uncertainty, there was no evidence indicating that the mixing rules could not be used for viscosity prediction of bitumen−solvent mixtures at low dilution levels. The mixing rules appeared not to be affected by the chemical nature of the solvent, and if it had an effect, it was of the same order or less than the uncertainty of viscosity prediction.

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Viscosity Changes during Mild Oxidation of Oilsands-Derived Bitumen: Solvent Effects and Selectivity

Abstract: Cold Lake bitumen was rheologically characterized by determining its viscosity response as function of shear rate (Figure S1). The analyses were performed in triplicate.

Cited by 10 publications

References 14 publications

Viscosity reduction of extra heavy crude oil by magnetite nanoparticle-based ferrofluids

Viscosity reduction of extra heavy crude oil by magnetite nanoparticle-based ferrofluids

Metals Removal from Metal-Bridged Molecules by Acid Treatment of Oilsands Bitumen and Subfractions

Viscosity Mixing Rules for Bitumen at 1–10 wt % Solvent Dilution When Only Viscosity and Density Are Known

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