Viscosity measurement of subliquidus magmas: 1707 basalt of Fuji volcano

Sato, H.

doi:10.2465/jmps.100.133

Cited by 98 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…With differentiation, liquid viscosity increased continuously from 45 to 302 Pa.s ( Fig. 8b; Table A4), values in good agreement with those measured on natural FeO-rich basalts (Sato 2005;Ishibashi and Sato 2007).…”

Section: Residual Liquid Versus Stratigraphic Height and Physical Prosupporting

confidence: 76%

Efficiency of compaction and compositional convection during mafic crystal mush solidification: the Sept Iles layered intrusion, Canada

Namur

Charlier

2012

Contrib Mineral Petrol

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Adcumulate formation in mafic layered intrusions is attributed either to gravity-driven compaction, which expels the intercumulus melt out of the crystal matrix, or to compositional convection, which maintains the intercumulus liquid at a constant composition through liquid exchange with the main magma body. These processes are length-scale and time-scale dependent, and application of experimentally derived theoretical formulations to magma chambers is not straightforward. New data from the Sept Iles layered intrusion are presented and constrain the relative efficiency of these processes during solidification of the mafic crystal mush. Troctolites with meso-to ortho-cumulate texture are stratigraphically followed by Fe-Ti oxide-bearing gabbros with adcumulate texture. Calculations of intercumulus liquid fractions based on whole-rock P, Zr, V and Cr contents and detailed plagioclase compositional profiles show that both compaction and compositional convection operate, but their efficiency changes with liquid differentiation. Before saturation of Fe-Ti oxides in the intercumulus liquid, convection is not active due to the stable liquid density distribution within the crystal mush. At this stage, compaction and minor intercumulus liquid crystallization reduce the porosity to 30%. The velocity of liquid expulsion is then too slow compared with the rate of crystal accumulation. Compositional convection starts at Fe-Ti oxide-saturation in the pore melt due to its decreasing density. This process occurs together with crystallization of the intercumulus melt until the residual porosity is less than 10%. Compositional convection is evidenced by external plagioclase rims buffered at An 61 owing to continuous exchange between the intercumulus melt and the main liquid body. The change from a channel flow regime that dominates in troctolites to a porous flow regime in gabbros results from the increasing efficiency of compaction with differentiation due to higher density contrast between the cumulus crystal matrix and the equilibrium melts and to the bottom-up decreasing rate of crystal accumulation in the magma chamber.

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Section: Residual Liquid Versus Stratigraphic Height and Physical Prosupporting

confidence: 76%

Efficiency of compaction and compositional convection during mafic crystal mush solidification: the Sept Iles layered intrusion, Canada

Namur

Charlier

2012

Contrib Mineral Petrol

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“…Commonly accepted empirical parameter values are φ m = 0.6 and n = 2.5 (Marsh, 1981;Sato, 2005). In real magmas, however, the effect of crystallinity on magma viscosity may be several times larger than predicted by Eq.…”

Section: Accepted M Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, we assume that the main mechanism responsible for the high lava viscosities (Sato, 2005). In the following section we will examine in more detail the physical conditions under which the ascent of magma and its evolution may have occurred.…”

Section: Mechanisms Behind the Observed Range Of Magma Viscositiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of lunar mare domes along crustal fractures: Rheologic conditions, dimensions of feeder dikes, and the role of magma evolution

Wöhler

Lena²,

Phillips³

2007

Icarus

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This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPTFormation of lunar mare domes along crustal fractures: Rheologic conditions, dimensions of feeder dikes, and the role of magma evolution A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Proposed running head:Formation of lunar mare domes along crustal fractures A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT AbstractIn this study we examine a set of lunar mare domes located in the Hortensius/Milichius/T. Mayer region and in northern Mare Tranquillitatis with respect to their formation along crustal fractures, their rheologic properties, the dimensions of their feeder dikes, and the importance of magma evolution processes during dome formation. Many of these domes display elongated summit vents oriented radially with respect to major impact basins, and several dome locations are also aligned in these preferential directions. Analysis of Clementine UVVIS and Lunar Prospector gamma ray spectrometer data reveals that the examined mare domes formed from low-Si basaltic lavas of high FeO and low to moderate TiO 2 content. Based on their morphometric properties (diameter, height, volume) obtained by photoclinometric and shape from shading analysis of telescopic CCD images, we derive rheologic quantities (lava viscosity during eruption, effusion rate, duration of the effusion process, magma rise speed) and the dimensions of the feeder dikes. We establish three rheologic groups characterised by specific combinations of rheologic properties and dike dimensions, where the most relevant discriminative parameter is the lava viscosity η. The first group is characterised by 10 4 Pa s < η < 10 6 Pa s and contains the domes with elongated vents in the Milichius/T. Mayer region and two similar domes in northern Mare Tranquillitatis.The second group with 10 2 Pa s < η < 10 4 Pa s comprises the very low aligned domes in northern Mare Tranquillitatis, and the third group with 10 6 Pa s < η < 10 8 Pa s the relatively steep domes near Hortensius and in the T. Mayer region. The inferred dike dimensions in comparison to lunar crustal thickness data indicate that the source regions of the feeder dikes are situated within the upper crust for six of the domes in northern Mare Tranquillitatis, while they are likely to be located in the lower crust and in the upper mantle for the other examined domes. By comparing the time scale of magma ascent with the time scale on which heat is conducted from the magma into the host rock, we find evidence that the importance of magma evolution processes during ascent such as coo...

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“…The addition of crystals to a melt has been experimentally examined at high temperature 20 and pressure on natural or synthetic suspensions (e.g., Lejeune and Richet, 1995;Sato, 2005;Ishibashi and Sato, 2007;Lavallee et al, 2007;Caricchi et al, 2008;Cordonnier et al, 2009;Ishibashi, 2009;Picard et al, 2011;Vona et al, 2011;Picard et al, 2013). Using a variety of crystal shapes and sizes, all of the aforementioned papers showed that the abundance of crystals significantly increased the viscosity of the suspension and that aspect ratio and particle size 25 must be taken into account.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheological controls on the eruption potential and style of an andesite volcano: A case study from Mt. Ruapehu, New Zealand

Kilgour

Mader

Blundy

et al. 2016

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

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General rightsThis document is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the reference above. AbstractThe evolving magma rheology of three recent Ruapehu eruptions (1969, 1977, and 1995) is estimated using a combination of thermodynamic models and rheological calculations, supported by textural observations of the erupted scoria. We use a well-established thermodynamic model to determine the composition of these representative Ruapehu magmas from 300 MPa to ∼ 30MPa. The outputs of the model provide the changing crystal and bubble content in a closed system (assuming no gas loss), as well as the fractionating melt compositions. We calculate the melt viscosity, and the effect of bubbles and crystals, to quantify the rheology of the magma during ascent (under assumed equilibrium conditions). The moderately high phenocryst content of Ruapehu scoria (∼ 30 %) means that only a small amount of additional microlite crystallisation (∼ 5 %) would result in a yield strength, which may lead the magma to stall. However, if the strain rates are high enough, more crystallisation would be possible without developing a yield stress. This suggests that microlite-rich magmas are almost certain to stall unless they encounter significant fluid addition from a source such as a hydrothermal system, groundwater, or surface water (i.e., Ruapehu's Crater Lake).Ruapehu magmas are initially H 2 O-undersaturated and as a consequence, crystallisation and bubble growth were suppressed until the magma achieved saturation, at ∼ 100 to 50 MPa.From this analysis, we suggest that Ruapehu magmas are more likely to erupt compared to magmas of a similar composition that are H 2 O-saturated. This partly explains the regular, albeit small-volume eruptions at Ruapehu and the propensity for phreatomagmatic eruptions when the magma:water ratio is low.

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Viscosity measurement of subliquidus magmas: 1707 basalt of Fuji volcano

Cited by 98 publications

References 22 publications

Efficiency of compaction and compositional convection during mafic crystal mush solidification: the Sept Iles layered intrusion, Canada

Efficiency of compaction and compositional convection during mafic crystal mush solidification: the Sept Iles layered intrusion, Canada

Formation of lunar mare domes along crustal fractures: Rheologic conditions, dimensions of feeder dikes, and the role of magma evolution

Rheological controls on the eruption potential and style of an andesite volcano: A case study from Mt. Ruapehu, New Zealand

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