Viscosity Models and Effects of Dissolved CO<sub>2</sub>

Islam, Akand W.; Carlson, Eric S.

doi:10.1021/ef3006228

Cited by 64 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The direct thermal contribution to convection can be expected to increase when thermal effects on are also considered. The effect of dissolved CO 2 on in aqueous NaCl solutions was previously studied [75,76] and a viscosity model was presented [77]. Neglecting the aqueous CO 2 concentration dependency of will result in a slight underestimation of the aqueous phase (increasing with aqueous CO 2 concentration), a disregard of an indirect effect on and a slight overestimation of the .…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prerequisites for density-driven instabilities and convective mixing under broad geological CO2 storage conditions

Rasmusson

Fagerlund

Tsang

et al. 2015

Advances in Water Resources

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Prerequisites for density-driven instabilities and convective mixing under broad geological CO 2 storage conditions, Advances in Water Resources (2015), Highlights We develop an instability onset, onset time and steady convective flux-analysis tool.  A systematic analysis of prerequisites for enhanced solubility trapping is presented.  Indirect thermal effects on enhanced solubility trapping are non-negligible.  Shallow storage depths favor density-driven instability onset and short onset times.  Salinity determines the storage depth at which the largest convective fluxes occur. AbstractDirect atmospheric greenhouse gas emissions can be greatly reduced by CO 2 sequestration in deep saline aquifers. One of the most secure and important mechanisms of CO 2 trapping over large time scales is solubility trapping. In addition, the CO 2 dissolution rate is greatly enhanced if density-driven convective mixing occurs. We present a systematic analysis of the prerequisites for density-driven instability and convective mixing over the broad temperature, pressure, salinity and permeability conditions that are found in geological CO 2 storage. The onset of instability (Rayleigh-Darcy number, ), the onset time of instability and the steady convective flux are comprehensively calculated using a newly developed analysis tool that accounts for the thermodynamic and salinity dependence on solutally and thermally induced density change, viscosity, molecular and thermal diffusivity. Additionally, the relative influences of field characteristics are analysed through local and global sensitivity analyses.The results help to elucidate the trends of the , onset time of instability and steady convective flux under field conditions. The impacts of storage depth and basin type (geothermal gradient) are also explored and the conditions that favour or hinder enhanced solubility trapping are identified. Contrary to previous studies, we conclude that the geothermal gradient has a non-negligible effect on density-driven instability and convective mixing when considering both direct and indirect thermal effects because cold basin conditions, for instance, render higher compared to warm basin conditions. We also show that the largest is obtained for conditions that correspond to relatively shallow depths, measuring approximately 800 m, indicating that CO 2 storage at such depths favours the onset of density-driven instability and reduces onset times. However, shallow depths do not necessarily provide conditions that generate the largest steady convective fluxes; the salinity determines the storage depth at which the largest steady convective fluxes occur.

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Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prerequisites for density-driven instabilities and convective mixing under broad geological CO2 storage conditions

Rasmusson

Fagerlund

Tsang

et al. 2015

Advances in Water Resources

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“…where T is temperature ( • C), P is pressure (MPa), and ρ w is pure H 2 O density in (g/cm 3 ). Islam and Carlson [28] proposed another simple correlation (Equation (2)), the deviation of which from IAPWS97 within the P-T range of current study is insignificant.…”

Section: Pure Water Densitymentioning

confidence: 50%

“…where T is temperature ( • K), P is pressure (MPa), and the constants of the equation are listed in Islam and Carlson [28]. These two models are used in this study to achieve an accurate model for estimation of density of CO 2 -H 2 O and CO 2 -CaCl 2 -H 2 O systems.…”

Section: Pure Water Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Densities for Ternary System of CaCl2–H2O–CO2 at Elevated P-T: An Experimental and Modeling Approach

2018

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Very few thermodynamic models exist for estimation of density alteration due to solution of CO2 in a pure H2O and CaCl2–H2O system. All of these models require density of CaCl2 solution to estimate density of CaCl2–H2O–CO2 system. Similarly, models presented to calculate CaCl2 solution density need pure H2O density in advance. The main approach to model density of CaCl2–H2O–CO2 system is based on estimation of density alteration of CaCl2–H2O system due to the solution of CO2 mole fraction. Hence, to estimate CO2–CaCl2–H2O system density, density of CaCl2 solution is necessary, and to estimate density of CaCl2–H2O system, density of pure H2O is required in advance. Firstly in this paper, density of 0, 1.91, and 4.85 mol/kg CaCl2 solutions saturated with CO2 at 328.15 to 375.15 °K and 68.9 to 206.8 Bar were measured through laboratory experiments. Then, a new model is developed to estimate the density of CaCl2 solutions containing CO2 based on the experiments conducted in this study. The average and maximum absolute deviations of the new model from the experimental data are 0.0047 and 0.0177, respectively. Hence, the new model combined with other existing models to separately calculate density of the CaCl2 solution can be used to accurately predict density of the CaCl2–H2O–CO2 system in a wide range of P-T applicable for subsurface reservoirs.

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“…Dependency of viscosity to solute concentration can affect the flow pattern for example, reported experimental data [19,20] for changes in water viscosity with dissolved CO 2 show that dissolved CO 2 has a significant impact (up to 13%) on brine viscosity and it may influence the flow regime and onset of instability during CO 2 sequestration. Recently, Meulenbroek et al [21] examined the effect of variation of brine viscosity due to dissolved CO 2 and showed its effect on onset of instability when viscosity changes linearly with CO 2 concentration by two different slopes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linear perturbation analysis of density change caused by dissolution of carbon dioxide in saline aqueous phase

Raad

Fatehi

Azin

et al. 2015

Journal of Molecular Liquids

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Viscosity Models and Effects of Dissolved CO₂

Cited by 64 publications

References 38 publications

Prerequisites for density-driven instabilities and convective mixing under broad geological CO2 storage conditions

Prerequisites for density-driven instabilities and convective mixing under broad geological CO2 storage conditions

Densities for Ternary System of CaCl2–H2O–CO2 at Elevated P-T: An Experimental and Modeling Approach

Linear perturbation analysis of density change caused by dissolution of carbon dioxide in saline aqueous phase

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Viscosity Models and Effects of Dissolved CO2

Cited by 64 publications

References 38 publications

Prerequisites for density-driven instabilities and convective mixing under broad geological CO2 storage conditions

Prerequisites for density-driven instabilities and convective mixing under broad geological CO2 storage conditions

Densities for Ternary System of CaCl2–H2O–CO2 at Elevated P-T: An Experimental and Modeling Approach

Linear perturbation analysis of density change caused by dissolution of carbon dioxide in saline aqueous phase

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Viscosity Models and Effects of Dissolved CO₂