Viscosity of aqueous and cyanate ester suspensions containing alumina nanoparticles

Evaluation of bisphenol E cyanate ester for the resin-injection repair of advanced composites

“…The same effect was shown in CE/alumina suspensions, although the effect was much less apparent at low loadings [51].…”

“…Other processing procedures may need to be optimized for nanocomposites, as nanoparticles have also been shown to catalyze cure reactions [45,50,51].…”

“…Fumed oxides, for example, have been used to impart shear thinning properties in suspensions [38,40,47,51,52]. Because nanoparticles have greater surface area and shorter interparticle distances, there are greater and stronger interactions between particles that make it easier to form agglomerations thus causing the increase in viscosity and resulting pseudoplastic behavior [37,41,52].…”

“…Because nanoparticles have greater surface area and shorter interparticle distances, there are greater and stronger interactions between particles that make it easier to form agglomerations thus causing the increase in viscosity and resulting pseudoplastic behavior [37,41,52]. The shear thinning behavior occurs because as the shear rate is increased, the weak network of particles is broken to release "entrapped" fluid [51]. The extent of these effects is not only influenced by the size of the particles, but also by their amount, distribution, and shape [37,52].…”

“…The incorporation of nanoparticles is used to optimize rheological properties and enhance mechanical properties for the repair process. Alumina was chosen as it was low cost, readily available, and has been shown to effect rheological and mechanical properties in other studies [41,44,51].…”