Viscosity of Associated Mixtures Approximated by the Grunberg-Nissan Model

Marczak, Wojciech; Adamczyk, Natalia; Łężniak, Marta

doi:10.1007/s10765-011-1100-1

Cited by 29 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The simplest model for predicting the viscosity of liquid mixtures is the Arrhenius equation [ 43 ], but the additive model neglects thermodynamic parameters characteristic of the interactions between components and results in inaccurate predictions. The Grunberg–Nissan model, based on a modification of the Arrhenius equation to account for the excess free energy of mixing, shown in Equation (2), is commonly used to describe the viscosity of liquid mixtures [ 44 , 45 , 46 ]:

where η is the viscosity of a mixture, η i and x i are the viscosity and the mole fraction of each component in the mixture, respectively, and G ij is an interaction parameter dependent on the components and temperature. A negative value of G ij indicates favorable mixing.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formulation of a Model Resin System for Benchmarking Processing-Property Relationships in High-Performance Photo 3D Printing Applications

Makarian

Alvarez

et al. 2020

Materials

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A well-defined resin system is needed to serve as a benchmark for 3D printing of high-performance composites. This work describes the design and characterization of such a system that takes into account processability and performance considerations. The Grunberg–Nissan model for resin viscosity and the Fox equation for polymer Tg were used to determine proper monomer ratios. The target viscosity of the resin was below 500 cP, and the target final Tg of the cured polymer was 150 °C based on tan-δ peak from dynamic mechanical analysis. A tri-component model resin system, termed DA-2 resin, was determined and fully characterized. The printed polymer exhibited good thermal properties and high mechanical strength after post-cure, but has a comparatively low fracture toughness. The model resin will be used in additive manufacturing of fiber reinforced composite materials as well as for understanding the fundamental processing–property relationships in light-based 3D printing.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formulation of a Model Resin System for Benchmarking Processing-Property Relationships in High-Performance Photo 3D Printing Applications

Makarian

Alvarez

et al. 2020

Materials

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“…scale of concentrations proved to be useful in the Grunberg-Nissan model correlations of viscosity of aqueous solutions. 30 The regression coefficients a ij , calculated by the least squares method, 25 are reported in the ESI. † Statistically insignicant coefficients were rejected on the basis of the t-testing.…”

Section: Thermodynamic Excess and Partial Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water-induced aggregation and hydrophobic hydration in aqueous solutions of N-methylpiperidine

et al. 2013

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Liquid system N-methylpiperidine-water shows a miscibility gap with a lower critical solution temperature of 316.7 K. The phase separation is most likely due to the aggregation of N-methylpiperidine-water complexes, evident in the intensity of the small-angle neutron scattering at temperatures much lower than the LCST. Such complexes arise because the attraction forces between unlike molecules are stronger than the water-water ones, and aggregation is possible through the O-H/O bonds involving the hydration water molecules. The aggregates are dynamic structures with nanoseconds-order relaxation times, as it was estimated by the ultrasonic absorption experiment. While hydrophilic aggregation prevails at relatively high concentrations of the amine, the hydrophobic hydration is possible at low concentrations, likely consisting of the formation of structures resembling those in the sH clathrates observed in the solid state. The hydrophobic hydration of N-methylpiperidine is manifested in the minima of the partial volume isotherms at the amine mole fraction close to 0.01 and in the limiting partial molar compression approximately equal to zero. Essential similarity of the N-methylpiperidine-water system to aqueous solutions of pyridine and its methyl derivatives studied previously, suggests that those amines are potential clathrate hydrate promoters.

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“…viscosity-varying water and glycerinum at different proportions based on the Grunberg-Nissan method [27] for hydrodynamic pressure test under different viscosities. The mole numbers of water and glycerinum, which were corrected by the Brookfield Viscometer, are shown in Table 2.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-starting Characteristics of Magnetic Controlled Spiral Capsule Robots

Bai¹,

Wu²,

Chi³

et al. 2019

JESTR

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The low power consumption and operability of magnetic controlled spiral capsule robots (MCSCRs) are important indexes that influence the interventional diagnosis and treatment of digestive tract. However, existing studies lack of analysis on the self-starting characteristics of MCSCRs. For simple and effective swimming of a MCSCR in a liquid environment, a self-starting characteristic model of MCSCR was proposed. A new portable electromagnetic propulsion device with dynamic rotating magnetic field and a MCSCR were also developed. A spatial magnetic field distribution model of a permanent magnet was constructed in accordance with the Biot-Savart law. This model was employed to determine the coupling characteristic relation between master and slave permanent magnets. A self-starting model of robots in a pipe filled with liquid was deduced, and the interaction laws of self-starting rotating speed, fluid viscosity, and axial thrust were determined. Results demonstrate that the self-starting rotating speed of robots increases with the increase in fluid viscosity, and the axial thrust is enhanced gradually as rotating speed increases. When the fluid viscosity is 0.1 Pa•s, the self-starting rotating speed reaches the minimum value (85 r/min). Self-starting control of robots with a low torque and a strong axial thrust can be realized by adjusting the self-starting distance and rotating speed between the master permanent magnet and robot. When the master permanent magnet is 29 mm away from the robot, the maximum coupling magnetic moment is the lowest (0.1 Pa•s). This study can provide theoretical supports to low-power rapid medical examination based on in vivo capsule robot.

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Viscosity of Associated Mixtures Approximated by the Grunberg-Nissan Model

Cited by 29 publications

References 17 publications

Formulation of a Model Resin System for Benchmarking Processing-Property Relationships in High-Performance Photo 3D Printing Applications

Formulation of a Model Resin System for Benchmarking Processing-Property Relationships in High-Performance Photo 3D Printing Applications

Water-induced aggregation and hydrophobic hydration in aqueous solutions of N-methylpiperidine

Self-starting Characteristics of Magnetic Controlled Spiral Capsule Robots

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