Viscosity of dilute polyelectrolyte solutions at low flow velocities

Mock, Richard A.; Marshall, Charles A.

doi:10.1002/pol.1954.120147410

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The data for each compartment are given separately. Since the solutions taken out from each compartment were weighted, the corresponding concentration were expressed in equiv';g. (1) where w represents the weight of solution (in grams) taken from the compartment,~C is the change of concentration of the corresponding solution, and M is the molecular weight of the monomer unit. The expression ftlF represents the total amount of equivalents of electricity passed through the cell.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ion binding by polystyrenesulfonic acidX

Dolar

Špan

Pretnar

1967

J. polym. sci., C Polym. symp.

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SynopsisTransference experiments and conductivity measurements carried out with solutions of polystyrenesulfonic acid are reported for the concentration range from 0.005 to 0.15 base molar. From these data the transport number and the ionic conductance of the polyion and the fraction of free hydrogen ions have been calculated. The transport, number and the ionic conductance of the polyion decrease with increasing concentration, whereas the fraction of free counterions increases from 0.38 to 0.58 in the range of concentration mentioned above. Furthermore, the fraction of free hydrogen ions obtained in this work is compared with the corresponding results of pH measurements and with osmotic coefficients. It was found that the fraction of free counterions calculated according to the theory of Katchalsky et al. is in good agreement with the experimental results.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ion binding by polystyrenesulfonic acidX

Dolar

Špan

Pretnar

1967

J. polym. sci., C Polym. symp.

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“…Another assumption underlying Eq. [6] is the additivity with respect to the counterion activity, which is approximately valid in the case of linear polyelectrolytes (30,31). If the free HCl at low pH acting as the added salt weakens the interaction between a micelle and counterions, then Eq.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Dodecyldimethylamine Oxide Micelles in Solutions without Added Salt

Imaishi

Kakehashi

Noji

et al. 1998

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

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“…(l)], with + p replacing 0. Since the free ions constitute noninteracting kinetic units, their concentration is equal to the chemical activity, viz., (12) This is a kind of pseudo-ideal description of activity. The equations have the ideal form at = mi, with no activity coefficient included, but in the case of the counterions the concentration m-stands for a greatly decreased In the process considered here the polymer diffuses into regions which have been occupied by a pure salt solution (or by a mixed salt-polymer solution of a different composition), changing thereby the local activity of the salt and creating the need for a corresponding readjustment in the concentration of the latter.…”

Section: Diffusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sedimentation and diffusion of polyelectrolytes. Part I. Theoretical description

Alexandrowicz¹,

Daniel²

1963

Biopolymers

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The effect of charge on the sedimentation of macromolecules has been studied by Tiselius,' by Svedberg and Pedersen,2 and, subsequently and in greater detail, by I'eder~en.~ The basic concepts of their treatment may be formulated as follows. The macromolecules in solution are considered to be dissociated into ions, each macromolecule yielding Z + 1 free moving charged particles, vie, one (2-valent) macroion and Z (monovalent) small counterions. Additional positive and negative small ions may be provided through the inclusion in the system of a dissociating low molecular weight salt. When an external centrifugal field is applied, the ions will tend to move with unequal velocities, each kind according to its proper buoyant weight and friction coefficient. The unequal displacement of the ions will create a macroscopic electrostatic field in the solution and, if the direct interactions of the ions one with another and with the solvent are disregarded, the resultant motion of any ion may be described as an algebraic sum of two virtual motions : A sedimentation in the (externally applied) centrifugal field and an electrophoretic migration in the (internally created) electrostatic field. This additional electrophoretic motion gives rise to the so-called charge effect in sedimentation. A relatively simple expression may then be derived which describes the charge effect in terms of concentrations, valencies, buoyant weights and mobilities of all the ionic species in solution. Several detailed studies of charge effect in sedimentation have been rep~rted.~" The results were found to be in a qualitative agreement with the aforementioned elementary theory of Svedberg and Pedersen but the observed charge effect turned out to be much larger, by a factor of two or more. Furthermore, a charge effect is expected to occur in diffusion in much the same way as in sedimentation, so that measurement under the same conditions of both diffusion and sedimentation should greatly facilitate the critical interpretation of the charge effect. However very few diffusion studies of the charge effect are a~a i l a b l e .~-~ The interrelation between sedimentation and diffusion of electrolytes has been studied recently but mainly from the point of view of molecular weight determination.l0> 1 1~~5The elementary theory of the charge effect of Svedberg-Pedersen has thus found no quantitative confirmation in the sedimentation results, nor has it been supplemented by an allied treatment of the diffusion process. The

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Viscosity of dilute polyelectrolyte solutions at low flow velocities

Cited by 4 publications

References 8 publications

Ion binding by polystyrenesulfonic acidX

Ion binding by polystyrenesulfonic acidX

Dodecyldimethylamine Oxide Micelles in Solutions without Added Salt

Sedimentation and diffusion of polyelectrolytes. Part I. Theoretical description

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