Visfatin expression in gingival tissues of chronic periodontitis and aggressive periodontitis patients: An immunohistochemical analysis

Abstract

Background:Visfatin, also known as nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase, has been suggested as a pro-inflammatory and immunomodulating marker for periodontitis. The aim of this study was an immunohistochemical analysis of visfatin in gingival tissues of patients with chronic periodontitis and aggressive periodontitis.Materials and Methods:In this cross-sectional study based on clinical evaluation and inclusion and exclusion criteria. Twenty patients with generalized chronic periodontitis, 13 patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis, and 20 periodontally healthy individuals enrolled. Gingival tissue samples were obtained during periodontal flap surgery and crown lengthening surgery in periodontal patients and healthy group, respectively. Tissue samples were transferred to a pathology laboratory to determine the degree of inflammatory infiltration by hematoxylin and eosin staining and the level of visfatin expression by immunohistochemistry. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 statistical software and paired t-test, Mann–Whitney test, and Spearman rank correlation coefficient. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results:Inflammation grading and visfatin expression were significantly higher in periodontally diseased gingiva compared to the control group (P < 0.05). However, no significant difference was found between two diseased groups. The relationship between inflammation grading and visfatin expression in aggressive periodontitis group was statistically significant, positive and relatively strong (P = 0.025, r = 0.617). However, no significant relationship has been found between visfatin expression and inflammation grading in the chronic periodontitits and control groups (P > 0.05).Conclusion:Visfatin expression was increased in gingival tissues of chronic periodontitis and aggressive periodontitis patients. Hence, visfatin may have a role in the etiopathogenesis of chronic periodontitis and aggressive periodontitis.

Expression of visfatin in gingival crevicular fluid and gingival tissues in different periodontal conditions: a cross-sectional study

“…Elevated visfatin expression has been observed in inflamed gingival tissues in both humans and mice [ 15 ]. Immunohistochemical staining revealed higher levels of visfatin in aggressive and chronic periodontitis gingival tissues compared to healthy gingival tissues, with no difference between aggressive and chronic periodontitis groups [ 35 ]. Visfatin expression was significantly higher in gingival tissues of periodontitis patients compared to those of healthy individuals, suggesting that local synthesis of visfatin in inflamed gingival tissues may contribute to increased visfatin levels in gingival tissues and serum [ 36 ].…”

“…The distribution sites of visfatin expression in gingival tissues vary across different periodontal conditions. Studies have shown that visfatin is strongly expressed in all layers of gingival tissue in patients with periodontitis, with diffuse distribution in the epithelial layer and expression in fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and intercellular matrix in the connective tissue layer [ 35 , 36 ]. In healthy gingiva, visfatin is mainly limited to the basal and parabasal layers of the epithelium, with lower intensity elsewhere and weak or no expression in the connective tissue layer [ 25 , 35 ].…”

Aggressive Periodontitis Etiology, Pathophysiology, and Treatment: A Recent Review

“…In AgP patients, visfatin expression was increased in gingival tissues suggesting it might have a role in etiopathogenesis. 50 Similarly, macrophages from localized AgP patients had lower Maresin 1 (MaR1) levels (87.8 ± 50 pg/106 cells) compared to healthy controls (239.1 ± 32 pg/106 cells). As a result, phagocytosis against P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans was reduced to 40% and neutrophils displayed slower kinetics down to 30%.…”

Periodontal disease and visfatin level: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Finally, sixteen studies [16,17,19,[24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] were included in the meta-analysis. Seventeen studies that were impossible to include in the meta-analysis are presented in S2 Table with details and reasons [14,15,18,[37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50] and can be considered as qualitative data. In most studies, periodontal diseases were classified based on the 1999 classification for periodontal diseases and conditions [51] and 4 studies [34,[47][48][49] based on the 2018 classification [52].…”

“…In general, visfatin expression increases in inflammatory conditions [13]. In periodontal diseases as an inflammatory condition, an increase in visfatin levels in saliva, serum, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and gum tissue has been reported in various studies [14][15][16][17][18][19]. According to the results of these studies, visfatin can be used as an inflammation biomarker in periodontal diseases [16,20,21].…”