Visible‐Light‐Active Elemental Photocatalysts

Liu, Gang; Niu, Ping; Cheng, Hui‐Ming

doi:10.1002/cphc.201201075

Cited by 96 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…The expanded band gaps of the mPSi materials, which shift the conduction band to a more negative position and may thus facilitate H 2 evolution, are due to quantum confinement. The band gap crystallite size correlations are also consistent with previous theoretical calculations (Supplementary Discussion) [58][59][60] . The quantum-confinement effects were confirmed by photoluminescence spectroscopy ( Supplementary Fig.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Unfortunately, there are few reports on photocatalytic solar H 2 evolution by Si materials 9 . The limitation of such systems is mainly the small energy gap between the conduction band edge and the H þ /H 2 potential, as well as the short working life commonly exhibited by conventional Si materials 9,58 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the mesoporous structure of the mPSi materials can help increase efficiency of light absorption and partially make up for this deficiency 63,64 . Critically, the demonstrated quantum confinement effects derived from the nanoscale crystallite sizes of mPSi lead to enlarged band gaps, which shift the conduction band to a more negative position and thus facilitate the H 2 evolution process 58 . In addition, the small particle sizes shorten the migration distances of photogenerated charges to the surface active sites, reducing recombination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bottom-up synthesis of high surface area mesoporous crystalline silicon and evaluation of its hydrogen evolution performance

et al. 2014

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As an important material for many practical and research applications, porous silicon has attracted interest for decades. Conventional preparations suffer from high mass loss because of their etching nature. A few alternative routes have been reported, including magnesiothermic reduction; however, pre-formed porous precursors are still necessary, leading to complicated syntheses. Here we demonstrate a bottom-up synthesis of mesoporous crystalline silicon materials with high surface area and tunable primary particle/pore size via a self-templating pore formation process. The chemical synthesis utilizes salt by-products as internal self-forming templates that can be easily removed without any etchants. The advantages of these materials, such as their nanosized crystalline primary particles and high surface areas, enable increased photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate and extended working life. These also make the mesoporous silicon a potential candidate for other applications, such as optoelectronics, drug delivery systems and even lithium-ion batteries.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bottom-up synthesis of high surface area mesoporous crystalline silicon and evaluation of its hydrogen evolution performance

et al. 2014

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“…Since the first report of photoelectrocatalytic water splitting on TiO 2 in 1972,6 a mix of metal and metal‐free photocatalysts has been cataloged 5, 7, 8. Despite noticeable success, designing of a cost‐effective stand‐alone photocatalytic reactor with a practically compatible technology does not seem to be a near term reality without the discovery of a truly scalable photocatalyst.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuning the Intrinsic Properties of Carbon Nitride for High Quantum Yield Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production

2018

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The low quantum yield of photocatalytic hydrogen production in carbon nitride (CN) has been improved upon via the modulation of both the extrinsic and intrinsic properties of the material. Although the modification of extrinsic properties has been widely investigated in the past, recently there has been growing interest in the alteration of intrinsic properties. Refining the intrinsic properties of CN provides flexibility in controlling the charge transport and selectivity in photoredox reactions, and therefore makes available a pathway toward superior photocatalytic performance. An analysis of recent progress in tuning the intrinsic photophysical properties of CN facilitates an assessment of the goals, achievements, and gaps. This article is intended to serve this purpose. Therefore, selected techniques and mechanisms of the tuning of intrinsic properties of CN are critically discussed here. This article concludes with a recommendation of the issues that need to be considered for the further enhancement in the quantum efficiency of CN photocatalysts.

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“…Photocatalysis for water splitting can be divided into four mechanistic steps: (a) absorption of photons to excite electrons from the valence band to the conduction band; (b) charge separation electrons and holes; (c) diffusion of the photoexcited electrons and holes to the surfaces as driven by the space-charge layer, and (d) surface chemical reactions between the charge carriers and the adsorbates [85][86][87][88][89]. The illustration in Figure 9 shows a photocatalyst particulate and the four basic steps, where (d) also includes the competing volume and surface recombination processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymorphism and Structural Distortions of Mixed-Metal Oxide Photocatalysts Constructed with α-U3O8 Types of Layers

et al. 2017

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Abstract:A series of mixed-metal oxide structures based on the stacking of α-U 3 O 8 type pentagonal bipyramid layers have been investigated for symmetry lowering distortions and photocatalytic activity. The family of structures contains the general composition A m+ ((n+1)/m) B (3n+1) O (8n+3) (e.g., A = Ag, Bi, Ca, Cu, Ce, Dy, Eu, Gd K, La, Nd, Pb, Pr, Sr, Y; B = Nb, Ta; m = 1-3; n = 1, 1.5, 2), and the edge-shared BO 7 pentagonal pyramid single, double, and/or triple layers are differentiated by the average thickness, (i.e., 1 ≤ n ≤ 2), of the BO 7 layers and the local coordination environment of the "A" site cations. Temperature dependent polymorphism has been investigated for structures containing single layered (n = 1) monovalent (m = 1) "A" site cations (e.g., Ag 2 Nb 4 O 11 , Na 2 Nb 4 O 11 , and Cu 2 Ta 4 O 11 ). Furthermore, symmetry lowering distortions were observed for the Pb ion-exchange synthesis of Ag 2 Ta 4 O 11 to yield PbTa 4 O 11 . Several members within the subset of the family have been constructed with optical and electronic properties that are suitable for the conversion of solar energy to chemical fuels via water splitting.

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Visible‐Light‐Active Elemental Photocatalysts

Cited by 96 publications

References 78 publications

Bottom-up synthesis of high surface area mesoporous crystalline silicon and evaluation of its hydrogen evolution performance

Bottom-up synthesis of high surface area mesoporous crystalline silicon and evaluation of its hydrogen evolution performance

Tuning the Intrinsic Properties of Carbon Nitride for High Quantum Yield Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production

Polymorphism and Structural Distortions of Mixed-Metal Oxide Photocatalysts Constructed with α-U3O8 Types of Layers

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