“…Efficient utilisation of visible light would enable the exploitation of sunlight as a source of energy, which consists of about 40% visible light. Generally, strategies such as doping the semiconductor with metal ions (alkali, alkaline earth, noble, rare earth, and transition metals) [43][44][45][46][47], non-metal ions (oxygen, sulphur, nitrogen, phosphorus, halogens, carbon, and boron) [48][49][50][51], codoping/multidoping (metal + metal, non-metal + metal, non-metal + non-metal) [52][53][54][55], coupling semiconductors with carbon nanomaterials (reduce graphene oxide (RGO), graphene oxide (GO), multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), carbon nanospheres (CNS), fullerenes, etc.) [56][57][58][59], sensitisation (dye, polymer and surface complex sensitisation) [60][61][62], and coupling two or more semiconductors [63][64][65] have been extensively investigated for improving the photocatalytic activity of various semiconductors.…”