“…Here, we consider three optimization schemes: (i) uniform optimization of β, i.e., 0 ≤ β ≤ 1, where higher values of β result in δ-times wider bandwidth; (ii) optimization of α, i.e., 0 ≤ α ≤ 0.3, using m-ESCAP, where the spacing between carriers is uniform and the total system bandwidth is limited to 100 MHz. Note, reducing the carrier spacing leads to inter-carriers interference (ICI), thus resulting in higher BER [12]; (iii) full-optimization, which is a combination of (i) and (ii). The BER target is set to the 7% forward error correction (FEC) limit of 3.8×10 −3 .…”