Visible-light-driven photocatalytic degradation of diclofenac by carbon quantum dots modified porous g-C3N4: Mechanisms, degradation pathway and DFT calculation

Liu, Wen; Li, Yunyi; Liu, Fuyang; Jiang, Wei; Zhang, Dandan; Liang, Jialiang

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2018.11.084

Cited by 604 publications

(136 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…The heterogeneous photocatalysis degradation of DCF was found to be more relevant to kinetic model pseudo-first order as shown in Eq. 2 40 . where, C represented as concentration of DCF at time t, C o denotes as initial concentration of DCF and k (min -1 ) is apparent rate constant.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(mg/L) Removal (%) conditions Ref. BiOCl–GO Diclofenac 25 47.88 Visible spectrum solar light (≈ 17.38 mW cm −2 ), pH 5, 180 min This study TiO 2 Diclofenac 200 75 Xe lamp (1,000 W, 290–400 nm); time 120 min 27 Ni–TiO 2 Diclofenac 15 47 Solar UV lamp (30 W, 450 nm); time 120 min 46 WO 3 Diclofenac 0.5 100 Xe lamp (1,500 W, 300 nm); time 2 h 47 TiO 2 –P25 Diclofenac 2 100 Blacklight philips TLK 05 (40 W, 290–400 nm); 60 min 44 Ce-ZnO Diclofenac 2 100 Blacklight philips TLK 05 (40 W, 290–400 nm); 30 min TiO 2 –SG Diclofenac 2 100 Blacklight philips TLK 05 (40 W, 290–400 nm); 30 min C 3 N 4 Diclofenac 10 19.3 Xe lamp (300 W, ≥ 400 nm), 60 min 48 CNC2-C 3 N 4 Diclofenac 10 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A facile synthesis of bismuth oxychloride-graphene oxide composite for visible light photocatalysis of aqueous diclofenac sodium

Rashid

Karim

Kumar

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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In this study, bismuth oxychloride/graphene oxide (BiOCl-GO) composite was fabricated by facile one pot hydrothermal method. The pure BiOCl and BiOCl-GO composite was characterized by X-ray diffraction, Transmission electron microscopy X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The synthesized composite was then assessed for photocatalytic degradation of diclofenac sodium (DCF) in visible as well as direct solar light and UV irradiation. Results indicated that the photocatalytic removal efficiency of DCF was significantly affected by dose of catalysts, pH value and source of light. The results reveled that degradation efficiency of BiOCl-GO for DCF reduced from 100 to 34.4% with the increases in DCF initial concentration from 5 mg L −1 to 25 mg L −1 . The solar light degradation of DCF using BiOCl-GO was achieved with apparent rate constant 0.0037 min −1 . The effect of scavengers study revealed that superoxide ions and holes were mainly responsible for DCF degradation. The regeneration study indicates that BiOCl-GO composite can be successfully recycled up to the five cycles. The study revealed the effectiveness of one pot hydrothermal method for the fabrication of BiOCl-GO composite.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A facile synthesis of bismuth oxychloride-graphene oxide composite for visible light photocatalysis of aqueous diclofenac sodium

Rashid

Karim

Kumar

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…ROS scavengers were added to the methylene blue oxidation to identify the main reactants. BQ was introduced as an •O 2 − scavenger, and TBA was used as an •OH scavenger [33]. As shown in Figure 8, the effect of the…”

Section: Detection Of Reactive Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hematite/Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanofilm for Fenton and Photocatalytic Oxidation of Methylene Blue

Lee

Park

2020

Sustainability

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Hematite (α-Fe2O3)/graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanofilm catalysts were synthesized on fluorine-doped tin oxide glass by hydrothermal and chemical vapor deposition. Scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses of the synthesized catalyst showed that the nanoparticles of g-C3N4 were successfully deposited on α-Fe2O3 nanofilm. The methylene blue degradation efficiency of the α-Fe2O3/g-C3N4 composite catalyst was 2.6 times greater than that of the α-Fe2O3 single catalyst under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. The methylene blue degradation rate by the α-Fe2O3/g-C3N4 catalyst increased by 6.5 times after 1 mM of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was added. The photo-Fenton reaction of the catalyst, UV, and H2O2 greatly increased the methylene blue degradation. The results from the scavenger experiment indicated that the main reactants in the methylene blue decomposition reaction are superoxide radicals photocatalytically generated by g-C3N4 and hydroxyl radicals generated by the photo-Fenton reaction. The α-Fe2O3/g-C3N4 nanofilm showed excellent reaction rate constants at pH 3 (Ka = 6.13 × 10−2 min−1), and still better efficiency at pH 7 (Ka = 3.67 × 10−2 min−1), compared to other methylene blue degradation catalysts. As an immobilized photo-Fenton catalyst without iron sludge formation, nanostructured α-Fe2O3/g-C3N4 are advantageous for process design compared to particle-type catalysts.

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“…In a more sustainable approach, Liu et al tested metal free composites g-C 3 N 4 /CQD for the visible light photodegradation of DCF [140]. Once again, the introduction of optimized amounts of CQDs improved visible light harvesting and increased e − /h + separation.…”

Section: Photocatalysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Once again, the introduction of optimized amounts of CQDs improved visible light harvesting and increased e − /h + separation. Composite g-C 3 N 4 /CQD-0.05 showed the fastest total DCF removal just 1 h irradiation and degrades 90% of the DCF after five reuse cycles [140]. Alkaline medium favors a faster DCF degradation.…”

Section: Photocatalysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Photocatalytic Degradation of Pharmaceuticals Carbamazepine, Diclofenac, and Sulfamethoxazole by Semiconductor and Carbon Materials: A Review

2019

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The presence of pharmaceutical compounds in the environment is a reality that calls for more efficient water treatment technologies. Photocatalysis is a powerful technology available but the high energy costs associated with the use of UV irradiation hinder its large scale implementation. More sustainable and cheaper photocatalytic processes can be achieved by improving the sunlight harvesting and the synthesis of semiconductor/carbon composites has proved to be a promising strategy. Carbamazepine, diclofenac, and sulfamethoxazole were selected as target pharmaceuticals due to their recalcitrant behavior during conventional wastewater treatment and persistence in the environment, as properly reviewed. The literature data on the photocatalytic removal of carbamazepine, diclofenac, and sulfamethoxazole by semiconductor/carbon materials was critically revised to highlight the role of the carbon in the enhanced semiconductor performance under solar irradiation. Generally it was demonstrated that carbon materials induce red-shift absorption and they contribute to more effective charge separation, thus improving the composite photoactivity. Carbon was added as a dopant (C-doping) or as support or doping materials (i.e., nanoporous carbons, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, and derived materials, carbon quantum dots (CQDs), and biochars) and in the large majority of the cases, TiO2 was the semiconductor tested. The specific role of carbon materials is dependent on their properties but even the more amorphous forms, like nanoporous carbons or biochars, allow to prepare composites with improved properties compared to the bare semiconductor. The self-photocatalytic activity of the carbon materials was also reported and should be further explored. The removal and mineralization rates, as well as degradation pathways and toxicity of the treated solutions were also critically analyzed.

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Visible-light-driven photocatalytic degradation of diclofenac by carbon quantum dots modified porous g-C3N4: Mechanisms, degradation pathway and DFT calculation

Cited by 604 publications

References 57 publications

A facile synthesis of bismuth oxychloride-graphene oxide composite for visible light photocatalysis of aqueous diclofenac sodium

A facile synthesis of bismuth oxychloride-graphene oxide composite for visible light photocatalysis of aqueous diclofenac sodium

Hematite/Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanofilm for Fenton and Photocatalytic Oxidation of Methylene Blue

Photocatalytic Degradation of Pharmaceuticals Carbamazepine, Diclofenac, and Sulfamethoxazole by Semiconductor and Carbon Materials: A Review

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