Visible‐Light‐Driven Photoredox Catalysis in the Construction of Carbocyclic and Heterocyclic Ring Systems

Abstract

Carbocyclic and heterocyclic ring systems are important structural architectures in many bioactive natural products, as well as in a variety of fine chemicals. The utilization of visible‐light photocatalytic strategies to construct these ring systems has received considerable attention in the past few years. This microreview presents a brief summary of the use of visible‐light photoredox catalytic strategies for the synthesis of carbocyclic and heterocyclic targets.

A new era for homolytic aromatic substitution: replacing Bu3SnH with efficient light-induced chain reactions

“…Moreover due to the lack of absorbance by organic molecules, side reactions associated with higher energy UV-light are avoided. There are several recent authoritative reviews on visible light photoredox catalysis, [43][44][45][46][47][48][49] but the present review is the first to focus on HAS. The most commonly used photoredox catalysts are Ru(II) and Ir(III) as Ru(bpy) 3 Cl 2 and Ir(ppy) 3 .…”

Design for carbon–carbon bond forming reactions under ambient conditions

“…392 UV-light-induced reactions not only require the use of specialized light sources, but they are also accompanied by many side reactions that limit their broad application. [398][399][400][401][402][403][404][405][406][407][408][409][410][411][412] The present section summarizes most recent developments in visible-light-driven carbon-carbon bond forming reactions at ambient conditions. This approach originates from the unique property of metal complexes and organic dyes to become engage in singleelectron-transfer (SET) processes with organic substrates upon photoexcitation with visible light.…”

The application of heterogeneous visible light photocatalysts in organic synthesis

“…Therefore, visible light photocatalyst employed as a bridging media for the energy transfer between visible light and substrates will be of particular importance. Those photocatalysts can be divided into five different groups including the homogeneous photocatalysts represented by Ru, Ir metal complexes, [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] organic dye [27][28][29][30] and the opposite heterogeneous photocatalysts represented by semiconductors, [31][32][33] plasmonicmetal nanoparticles [34][35] and other novel photoelectric materials [36][37][38][39] . As known to all, heterogeneous visible light catalyst can be easily recovered and the reaction products can be separated more conveniently with respect to the homogeneous ones, so it provides a greener way for the organic chemical transformation.…”