The
integrated system of gas-phase advanced oxidation process combined
with sulfite-based wet absorption process is a desirable method for
simultaneous removal of SO2, NO, and Hg0, but
due to the enrichment of nitrite and Hg2+, resourcing harmless
wastewater is still a challenge. To tackle this problem, this study
fabricated a bifunctional β-FeOOH@MXene heterogeneous Fenton
material, of which the crystalline phase, morphology, structure, and
composition were revealed by using X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform
infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy–energy
dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy.
It exhibits excellent performance on nitrite oxidation (99.5%) and
Hg2+ removal (99.7%) and can maintain stable outstanding
ability after 13 cycles, with superior Hg2+ adsorption
capacity (395 mg/g) and ultralow Fe leaching loss (<0.018 wt %).
The synergism between MXene and β-FeOOH appears as follows:
(i) MXene, as an inductive agent, directionally converted Fe2O3 into β-FeOOH in the hydrothermal method and greatly
reduced its monomer size; (ii) the introduced Ti(III)/Ti(II)
accelerated the regeneration of Fe(II) via rapid electron
transfer, thereby improving the heterogeneous Fenton reaction; and
(iii) MXene strongly immobilized β-FeOOH to greatly inhibit
Fe-leaching. HO•, •O2
––, and 1O2 were the
main radicals identified by electron spin resonance. Radical quenching
tests showed their contributions to NO2
– oxidation in the descending order HO• > 1O2 > •O2
–. Quantum chemical calculations revealed that •OH-induced oxidation of NO2
– or HNO2 was the primary reaction path. Density functional theory
calculations combined with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman
characterizations displayed the Hg2+ removal mechanism,
with Hg2Cl2, HgCl2, and HgO as the
main byproducts. This novel material provides a new strategy for resourcing
harmless wastewater containing nitrite and Hg2+.