Visible Light Metasurfaces Assembled by Quasiperiodic Dendritic Cluster Sets

Abstract

3D metamaterials, has attracted considerable attention given its unique optical properties and produced many new phenomena and functionalities, such as plate focusing, [8] polarization conversion, [9] and mathematical operations. [10,11] The construction of these optical metasurfaces is generally a periodic arrangement of metal or dielectric micro-nanostructures. On the basis of the requirements, a plurality of the structural units with different geometric parameters (such as shape, size, and orientation) is arranged in an array to realize various kinds of abnormal optical responses. [12] However, few experimental reports are presented on periodic metasurfaces that respond in visible light. Cost remains high, large-area preparation remains challenging, and the deviation of the prepared structure is large, although tens of nanometer-sized structures can be prepared using complex electron beam-or ion beam-etching techniques, [13,14] thereby making periodic metasurfaces difficult to be extensively applied. The design requirement of periodic structures for the existing metasurfaces and top-down electron beam or ion beam etching technology, as well as the unidirectionality of optical response for the periodic metasurfaces, have become the bottlenecks that limit the rapid development of optical metasurfaces.Recently, researchers have used the Gerchberg-Saxton (GS) algorithm [15] to iterate a random-phase profile and obtain a disordered metasurface with a convergent-phase profile that manipulates the transmission of visible light and allows a farfield pattern to have isotropic scattering over a desired angular range. [16] To a certain extent, this method simplifies the preparation of optical metasurfaces. However, its structure must be prepared by electron beam lithography. Thus, this method does not completely solve the constraint that restrains the development of optical metasurfaces.Inspired by the idea of the GS algorithm, [15] we propose a quasiperiodic dendritic cluster set metasurface. In the simulation, the periodic metasurface tends toward the quasiperiodic metasurface by gradually changing the state of the dendritic structure in the periodic structural unit; in the bottom-up electrochemical deposition experiment, the disordered distribution of dendritic cluster sets tends toward the quasiperiodic distribution by continuously adjusting the preparation conditions. By gradually changing the theoretical model from a periodic structure to a quasiperiodic structure and the distribution of dendritic cluster sets in the sample from a disordered distribution Periodic metasurfaces have achieved various light manipulations. However, the preparation of those responding in visible waveband still encounters many constraints. Inspired by the idea of the Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm, a quasiperiodic dendritic cluster set metasurface is proposed where the cluster is used as the unit instead of cell that is used as the unit in the periodic metasurface. By gradually changing the theoretical model from periodic to quasiperiodic str...

Quasi-Periodic Dendritic Metasurface for Integral Operation in Visible Light

“…Therefore, the Ag dendritic metasurface sample is in fact composed of an uppermost polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) antioxidation layer, Ag dendritic structure layer, ITO conductive glass layer, Ag film layer, and ITO conductive glass substrate. For the transmission spectrum of the single-layer dendritic sample in Figure 4c, the transmission peak in the visible band proves that the distribution of dendritic structures in the sample is statistically quasi-periodic [30,32]. For the reflection spectrum of the silver film sample in Figure 4e, the high reflectance in the visible band indicates that the prepared silver film is a good reflective substrate [28,30].…”

“…Furthermore, the response band of the metasurface sample can be regulated by changing the deposition conditions, such as deposition voltage, deposition time, and experimental temperature [44]. As much of our previously published work [30,32,42,44] has given in detail the sample preparation process and various characterizations of the structures in the sample, we do not present a more detailed sample characterization here.…”

“…Metasurface samples that respond to green and red bands were prepared using the simple electrochemical deposition method, and their differential operation properties were experimentally demonstrated. Here, we further present an integral metasurface comprising of dendritic structures [31,32], considering the existing preparation process devised by our group [33][34][35]. The proposed metasurface consists of upper silver dendritic structures, an intermediate silica spacer, and an Ag substrate.…”

Anisotropic Growth of Silver Dendrites Regulated by Preferential Adsorption of Nitrate Ions on Crystal Facets

“…[2] For instance, in metallurgy fields, dendrites are the common microstructures of solidified metallic materials and thus deeply affect the behaviors of final products. [3,4] Dendrite-like nanomaterials have attracted tremendous attention because of their unique DOI: 10.1002/crat.202100014 performances shining in catalysis, [5][6][7] optics, [8,9] chemical sensors, [10,11] and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. [12][13][14][15] Moreover, dendritic structures cause the inborn detrimental problem in metal rechargeable batteries, because their formation has extremely adverse consequences on the performance and service security of batteries.…”

Scaling Law, Confined and Surface Modes in Photonic Fibonacci Stub Structures: Theory and Experiment

“…Moreover, they exhibit transmission resonances and critical localized states [4]. The peculiar properties of quasi-crystals are strongly useful for the conception of potential applications in different domains [5,6], especially optical communications technology such as optical filter [7][8][9], optical fibers [10,11], microcavities and lasers [12][13][14][15][16], lenses [17], sensors [18,19] etc.…”