Visible Light Positioning System Based on a Quadrant Photodiode and Encoding Techniques

Aparicio-Esteve, Elena; Hernández, Álvaro; Ureña, J.; Villadangos, J.M.

doi:10.1109/tim.2019.2962563

Cited by 33 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…In the case of a simultaneous transmission, in addition to the modulation used, it is crucial to encode the signals emitted by the beacons so that the receiver is able to identify and separate them. In particular, in [19] it was shown that loosely synchronous (LS) codes have a better behavior against pseudo-random (PR) sequences, such as Kasami codes [20], in a system like the one proposed in this work. The use of coding techniques is associated with an increase in the computational load of the receiving system due to the algorithms involved in the calculation of the correlation functions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…The resulting correlation peaks are used to estimate the signal level from each transmitting beacon b i . In [20], the reader can find out how to obtain the central point of incidence for each transmitted code c i on the surface of the QADA by means of the non-linear least squares (NLS) and Gauss-Newton minimization algorithms. Afterwards, the corresponding algorithm detects the rotation of the receiver around the Z axis, and continues with the estimation of the final coordinates (x, y, z) of the receiver position using a least squares estimator (LSE) and some trigonometric considerations, as can be also observed in [20,21].…”

Section: Description Of the Proposed Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The four codes c i are emitted simultaneously by each LED, with a relative delay of 10 samples regarding the previous one, giving a total duration of 46.3 ms for the whole transmitted signal. The suitability of an 1151 bit LS sequence with a 10-sample displacement was studied in [20]. The use of LS sequences with a 10-sample relative displacement is preferable to Kasami sequences in order to minimize the multiple access interference (MAI) effect, produced by the simultaneous transmission and reception of all the sequences.…”

Section: Reception Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From these peaks, it estimates the angle of incidence of each one of the transmissions on the surface of the QADA by means of non-linear least squares (NLS) and Gauss-Newton minimization techniques. After obtaining these incidence points, firstly, the rotation of the receiver in the Z axis is obtained by means of trigonometric equations and, finally, the position of the receiver is obtained using an least squares estimator (LSE) and some geometrical considerations [20,21]. These previous references already developed the positioning algorithm with the geometrical constraints considered hereinafter, so no further analysis will be done here.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detecting Relative Amplitude of IR Signals with Active Sensors and Its Application to a Positioning System

et al. 2020

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Nowadays, there is an increasing interest in smart systems, e.g., smart metering or smart spaces, for which active sensing plays an important role. In such systems, the sample or environment to be measured is irradiated with a signal (acoustic, infrared, radio-frequency…) and some of their features are determined from the transmitted or reflected part of the original signal. In this work, infrared (IR) signals are emitted from different sources (four in this case) and received by a unique quadrature angular diversity aperture (QADA) sensor. A code division multiple access (CDMA) technique is used to deal with the simultaneous transmission of all the signals and their separation (depending on the source) at the receiver’s processing stage. Furthermore, the use of correlation techniques allows the receiver to determine the amount of energy received from each transmitter, by quantifying the main correlation peaks. This technique can be used in any system requiring active sensing; in the particular case of the IR positioning system presented here, the relative amplitudes of those peaks are used to determine the central incidence point of the light from each emitter on the QADA. The proposal tackles the typical phenomena, such as distortions caused by the transducer impulse response, the near-far effect in CDMA-based systems, multipath transmissions, the correlation degradation from non-coherent demodulations, etc. Finally, for each emitter, the angle of incidence on the QADA receiver is estimated, assuming that it is on a horizontal plane, although with any rotation on the vertical axis Z. With the estimated angles and the known positions of the LED emitters, the position (x, y, z) of the receiver is determined. The system is validated at different positions in a volume of 3 × 3 × 3.4 m3 obtaining average errors of 7.1, 5.4, and 47.3 cm in the X, Y and Z axes, respectively.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Description Of the Proposed Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reception Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detecting Relative Amplitude of IR Signals with Active Sensors and Its Application to a Positioning System

et al. 2020

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“…Indoor applications also include indoor positioning systems [ 4 , 5 ]. In recent work, quadrature photodiodes equipped with dedicated apertures were employed to provide indoor localization based on Angle-of-Arrival (AoA) [ 6 , 7 ]. The communication properties of such receiver have also been investigated in detail [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polarization Differential Visible Light Communication: Theory and Experimental Evaluation

Bruycker

Raes

Zvánovec

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Visible Light Communication (VLC) has received substantial research attention in the last decade. The vast majority of VLC focuses on the modulation of the transmitted light intensity. In this work, however, the intensity is kept constant while the polarization direction is deployed as a carrier of information. Demodulation is realized by using a differential receiver pair equipped with mutually orthogonal polarizers. An analytical expression to evaluate the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) as a function of the rotation angle of the receiver is derived. It is demonstrated that the signal quality can deteriorate heavily with receiver orientation when using a single differential receiver pair. A way to overcome this drawback using two receiver pairs is described. The analytical expression is experimentally verified through measurements with two different receiver setups. This work demonstrates the potential of polarization-based modulation in the field of VLC, where receiver rotation robustness has been achieved by means of a dedicated quadrant photodiode receiver.

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Fusion consistency for industrial robot navigation: An integrated SLAM framework with multiple 2D LiDAR-visual-inertial sensors

Nam,

Danh,

Park

et al. 2024

Computers and Electrical Engineering

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Visible Light Positioning System Based on a Quadrant Photodiode and Encoding Techniques

Cited by 33 publications

References 48 publications

Detecting Relative Amplitude of IR Signals with Active Sensors and Its Application to a Positioning System

Detecting Relative Amplitude of IR Signals with Active Sensors and Its Application to a Positioning System

Polarization Differential Visible Light Communication: Theory and Experimental Evaluation

Fusion consistency for industrial robot navigation: An integrated SLAM framework with multiple 2D LiDAR-visual-inertial sensors

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