Vision health disparities in blindness and visual impairment in Nigeria: A review of the Nigerian National Blindness and Visual Impairment Survey

Akano, Obinna F.

doi:10.4102/aveh.v76i1.345

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…These situations deny women of the opportunity to access healthcare, and thus, makes it difficult to detect and prevent ocular diseases among women in the early stages [ 55 ]. This finding is consistent with studies in South Africa [ 32 , 41 ], Nigeria [ 38 , 40 , 54 ], Iran [ 48 ], and Malaysia [ 56 ]. This behoves policymakers to create awareness and avenues for women to engage in meaningful and productive ventures with reasonable remuneration.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Prevalence and associated factors of vision loss in the South African National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (SANHANES-1)

et al. 2021

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Background Vision loss is a major public health concern that significantly affects developing countries, including South Africa. Although existing literature have reported on the prevalence, causes, and impact of vision loss on the quality of life of affected individuals (children and adults) in parts of South Africa, there is no evidence of the prevalence and associated factors of vision loss in the general population. Hence, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of vision loss and its associated factors in South Africa using a population-based survey. Methods Secondary analyses were conducted using data from the South African National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (SANHANES-1), a population-based national health survey conducted from 2011 to 2012. Vision loss was defined as presenting visual acuity (PVA) worse than Snellen 6/12 in the better eye. Visual acuity was assessed by clinicians and participants’ subjective response to vision-related questions. Univariate and multiple logistic regression models were used to examine the association of the independent variables with vision loss. Results The analytic sample comprised 4346 individuals with a mean age of 39.1 years. Female sex accounted for 55.6% of the participants. The prevalence of vision loss among participants was 9.2% (95% CI: 7.7–10.9). Older age (45–54 years, OR = 2.99, p < 0.001; 55–64 years, OR = 5.78, p < 0.001 and ≥ 65 years, OR = 5.12, p < 0.001), female sex (OR = 1.50, p = 0.016), and previous diabetes diagnosis (OR = 2.28, p = 0.001) were significantly associated with increased odds of vision loss. Further, secondary school education (OR = 0.71, p = 0.031), white ethnicity (OR = 0.11, p = 0.007), residing in Mpumalanga province (OR = 0.12, p < 0.001) and having never had an eye examination (OR = 0.56, p = 0.003) were significantly associated with reduced odds of vision loss. Conclusion Almost one in ten participants had vision loss. Adopting strategies targeted at reducing barriers to the utilization of eye care services will promote early detection and management of blinding conditions, and thereby, decrease the burden of vision loss in South Africa.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Prevalence and associated factors of vision loss in the South African National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (SANHANES-1)

et al. 2021

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“…The prevalence of blindness and VI in Nigeria were reported to be 6.1% and 4.2%, respectively [ 12 ], which was significantly higher than reported globally [ 5 ]. Studies [ 10 , 12 , 14 , 15 ] conducted in different parts of Nigeria indicated that the prevalence of blindness and VI is highest in the north–east (8.2% and 6.9%) and lowest in the south–west (2.8% and 3.3%) part of Nigeria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual Impairment and Blindness among Patients at Nigeria Army Eye Centre, Bonny Cantonment Lagos, Nigeria

Ezinne

Shittu²,

Ekemiri³

et al. 2022

Healthcare

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Background: Visual impairment (VI) is a public health problem that can affect an individual’s social wellbeing. The study aims to determine the distribution and causes of vision impairment (VI) and blindness among patients at Nigerian Army Eye Centre Lagos, Nigeria. Method: An institutional cross-sectional study was conducted, and a systematic random sampling technique was used to enrol study participants from their medical records. Information about their demography, presenting visual acuity (VA), best corrected visual acuity and cause of VI and blindness, were retrieved. Result: A total of five hundred (500) medical records of patients aged from 4 to 96 years, with a mean age of 54.07 ± 21.43 years, were considered for the study. Among the participants, more than half were males (51.2%) and ≥60 years (53.0%). A large (47.2%) proportion of the patients had moderate VI at the time of presentation, followed by blindness (22.0%). The major cause of blindness was cataract, while glaucoma and refractive error were the major causes of VI. Blindness and VI were significantly associated with the type of VI before and after the provision of intervention (p < 0.05) across different age groups (children, youths, adults, elderly) with an adjusted p < 0.003 after an intervention. Conclusions: Cataracts, glaucoma and uncorrected refractive error (URE) were the major causes of VI and blindness in Lagos State. VI was more prevalent in males than females; however, there was no significant difference between the two proportions. The prevalence of VI among age groups was more significant for those 60 years and above. Early screening for the detection and management of cataract, URE and glaucoma is highly advised to reduce the burden of VI.

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“…The Nigeria National Blindness and Visual Impairment Survey reports that South West zone has the lowest prevalence of blindness (2.8%), whereas the North East has the highest prevalence of blindness (6.1%). The reason given for this higher prevalence of blindness in the North East is the increase practice of couching on individual [7].…”

Section: Overview Of Epidemiology and Primary Healthcare Of Visual Immentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying Landmark Achievements in Primary Eye Care Promotion in Nigeria in Accordance with Alma – Ata Declaration of 1978: A Review

Moyegbone

Nwose

Nwajei

et al. 2021

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Background: Alma Ata declaration form the bed rock that link primary health care (PHC) and health promotion to enable individuals and communities to increase control over the determinants of health. The declaration is meant to address the main health problems in the community by providing promotive, preventive, curative and rehabilitative services including visual impairment. Objective: To evaluate the landmark achievement of eye health promotion for prevention of visual impairment in Nigeria. Methods: A non-systematic review of published literatures was adopted to develop this narrative review. Literatures searches were done through PubMed, google scholar and biomed central. Search terms included primary eye care (PEC), health promotion and Nigeria. 45 articles were reviewed. Results: Landmark achievement includes elimination of blinding trachoma and onchocerciasis as a public health problem following the treatment of 120 million people. Evaluation of the collaboration between Sightsavers, UK and the Ministry of Health in Sokoto State (Northern Nigeria) on VISION 2020 – Right to Sight program; showed an increase in the proportion of persons aged 50 years and over without visual impairment from 54.7% in 2005 to 77.3% in 2016. The prevalence of blindness in same age range declined from an estimated 11.6% to 6.8%, severe VI from 14.2% to 4.3% and moderate VI from 19.5% to 11.4%. A reduction in the estimated all‑age blindness prevalence by more than a half from 2.0% in 2005 to approximately 0.75% in 2016 was reported. No known similar evaluation was surveyed in the southern part of Nigeria to the knowledge of the researchers. However, non-integration of eye health promotional policy into PHC have left the Nigerian population in the miry clay of sustained prevalence of avoidable visual impairment. Conclusion: Alma Ata Declaration called on all governments to formulate national policies, strategies and plans of action to launch and sustain primary healthcare, integration of PEC and eye health promotional policies into PHC system to reduce the public health burden of avoidable visual impairment.

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Vision health disparities in blindness and visual impairment in Nigeria: A review of the Nigerian National Blindness and Visual Impairment Survey

Cited by 12 publications

References 17 publications

Prevalence and associated factors of vision loss in the South African National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (SANHANES-1)

Prevalence and associated factors of vision loss in the South African National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (SANHANES-1)

Visual Impairment and Blindness among Patients at Nigeria Army Eye Centre, Bonny Cantonment Lagos, Nigeria

Identifying Landmark Achievements in Primary Eye Care Promotion in Nigeria in Accordance with Alma – Ata Declaration of 1978: A Review

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