Vision Impairment and Risk of Dementia: Findings from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing

Davies‐Kershaw, Hilary; Hackett, Ruth A.; Cadar, Dorina; Herbert, Annie; Orrell, Martin; Steptoe, Andrew

doi:10.1111/jgs.15456

Cited by 73 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…However, there is some evidence suggesting that vision loss is associated with an increased risk of developing dementia diseases. Based on a retrospective cohort study that included 7,685 patients, Davies-Kershaw et al (2018) revealed that patients who rated their own vision as moderate were two times (HR 2.0, CI 95% 1.4-3.1) and those with very poor vision, which was comparable to being blind, four times (HR 4.0, CI 95% 2.6-6.1) more likely to have dementia compared to those without vision impairment. Furthermore, based on a population cohort of 7,736 initially healthy and non-dementia patients, Naël et al (2019) revealed that moderate to severe near-vision impairment was also associated with an increased risk of dementia in the first 4 years of follow-up (HR 2.0, CI 95% 1.2-3.3), but not when patients were followed for more than 4 years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Neither refraction disorders nor severe visual impairment-including blindness-were found to be significantly associated with an increased risk of dementia diseases, which is contrary to some previous findings. The study of Davies-Kershaw et al (2018) was based on a large nationwide sample of people aged 50 years and older. However, just 2.5% (n = 195) of patients in the sample were diagnosed with dementia diseases, which is well below the general population estimates for a group of the same age composition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on a retrospective cohort study, Davies-Kershaw et al (2018) revealed that moderate and severe vision loss was significantly associated with an increased risk of dementia. However, despite this and other evidence (Reyes-Ortiz et al, 2005;Clemons et al, 2006;Pham et al, 2006;Rogers and Langa, 2010;Davies-Kershaw et al, 2018), longitudinal studies have shown inconclusive evidence concerning the association between vision loss and the risk of dementia (Lin et al, 2004;Reyes-Ortiz et al, 2005;Sloan et al, 2005;Valentijn et al, 2005;Fischer et al, 2016;Hong et al, 2016;Naël et al, 2019). Most studies have focused on the cognitive decline rather than on dementia, used varied diagnostic criteria, or have been based on a subjective rather than an objective assessment, using small sample sizes or cross-sectional data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association Between Hearing and Vision Impairment and Risk of Dementia: Results of a Case-Control Study Based on Secondary Data

Michalowsky

Hoffmann

Kostev³

2019

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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Introduction: Hearing and vision loss are highly prevalent in elderly adults, and thus frequently occur in conjunction with cognitive impairments. Studies have shown that hearing impairment is associated with a higher risk of dementia. However, evidence concerning the association between vision loss and dementia, as well as the co-occurrence of vision and hearing loss and dementia, has been inconclusive. Objectives: To assess the association between: (i) either hearing or vision loss and the risk of dementia, as well as between; and (ii) the combination of both sensory impairments and the risk of dementia. Methods: This case-control study was based on a 5-year data set that included patients aged 65 years and older who had initially been diagnosed with dementia diseases by one of 1,203 general practitioners in Germany between January 2013 and December 2017. In total, 61,354 identified dementia cases were matched to non-dementia controls, resulting in a sample size of 122,708 individuals. Hearing loss and vision loss were identified using the ICD-10 diagnoses documented in the general practitioners' files prior to the initial dementia diagnosis. Multivariate logistic regression models were fitted to evaluate the associations between visual and/or hearing impairment and the risk of dementia and controlled for sociodemographic and clinical variables. Results: Hearing impairment was documented in 11.2% of patients with a dementia diagnosis and 9.5% of patients without such a diagnosis. Some form of vision impairment was documented in 28.4% of patients diagnosed with dementia and 28.8% of controls. Visual impairment was not significantly associated with dementia (OR = 0.97, CI = 95% 0.97-1.02, p = 0.219). However, patients with hearing impairment were at

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association Between Hearing and Vision Impairment and Risk of Dementia: Results of a Case-Control Study Based on Secondary Data

Michalowsky

Hoffmann

Kostev³

2019

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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“…Visual impairment [18], hearing loss [19], low gait speed [20], are few geriatric syndromes (GS), known to be risk factors for dementia as per previous literature. This study found a statistically significant association between urinary incontinence(p = 0.001) and MBI, mirroring the studies which showed an association between UI and depression [21] and anxiety [22].Urinary incontinence leads to distressing symptoms in older individuals [23] and is associated with dementia and frailty.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioural issues in late life may be the precursor of dementia- A cross sectional evidence from memory clinic of AIIMS, India

et al. 2020

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“…Poor vision and dementia are prevalent among older people, causing significant functional impairments, lower quality of life, and aggravation of comorbidities ( 1–5 ). Although poor vision has been postulated to increase risk of cognitive decline ( 6–14 ), longitudinal evidence of poor vision independently increasing risk of dementia is scarce ( 15 , 16 ). To date, only two longitudinal studies have examined the association between poor visual acuity and risk of dementia ( 17 , 18 ), and their results are conflicting.…”

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confidence: 99%

Higher Dementia Incidence in Older Adults with Poor Visual Acuity

Lee

Richards

Chan

et al. 2020

The Journals of Gerontology: Series A

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Background Longitudinal evidence of poor visual acuity associating with higher risk of incident dementia is mixed. This study aimed to examine if poor visual acuity was associated with higher dementia incidence in a large community cohort of older adults, independent of the possible biases relating to misclassification error, reverse causality, and confounding effects due to health problems and behaviors. Methods A total of 15,576 community-living older adults without dementia at baseline were followed for 6 years to the outcome of incident dementia, which was diagnosed according to the ICD-10 or a Clinical Dementia Rating of 1 to 3. Visual acuity was assessed using the Snellen’s chart at baseline and follow-up. Important variables including demographics (age, sex, education, and socioeconomic status), physical and psychiatric comorbidities (cardiovascular risks, ophthalmological conditions, hearing impairment, poor mobility, and depression), and lifestyle behaviors (smoking, diet, physical, intellectual, and social activities) were also assessed. Results Over 68,904 person-years of follow-up, 1,349 participants developed dementia. Poorer visual acuity at baseline was associated with higher dementia incidence in 6 years, even after adjusting for demographics, health problems, and lifestyle behaviors, and excluding those who developed dementia within 3 years after baseline. Compared with normal vision, the hazard ratio of dementia was 1.19 (p = .31), 2.09 (p < .001), and 8.66 (p < .001) for mild, moderate, and severe visual impairment, respectively. Conclusions Moderate-to-severe visual impairment could be a potential predictor and possibly a risk factor for dementia. From a clinical perspective, older adults with poor visual acuity might warrant further risk assessment for dementia.

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Vision Impairment and Risk of Dementia: Findings from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing

Cited by 73 publications

References 40 publications

Association Between Hearing and Vision Impairment and Risk of Dementia: Results of a Case-Control Study Based on Secondary Data

Association Between Hearing and Vision Impairment and Risk of Dementia: Results of a Case-Control Study Based on Secondary Data

Behavioural issues in late life may be the precursor of dementia- A cross sectional evidence from memory clinic of AIIMS, India

Higher Dementia Incidence in Older Adults with Poor Visual Acuity

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