Vision metrology and Structure from Motion for archaeological heritage 3D reconstruction: a Case Study of various Roman mosaics

Abstract

<p class="Abstract">Vision metrology and computer vision can be successfully used for archaeological heritage 3D reconstruction in very high precision 3D measurement projects. Of those archaeological objects requiring very accurate measurements (<1 mm), ancient mosaics comprise some of the most important. The aim of this paper is to assess the photogrammetric/computer vision approach in a vision metrology context as part of a 3D mosaics survey. In order to evaluate the optimal photogrammetric/computer vision workflow in this work, three different surveys were performed on three mosaics of different sizes and locations. Two of these are stored at the <em>Antonino Salinas</em> Regional Archaeological Museum in Palermo (Italy) and the other is located at the <em>Baglio Anselmi</em> Regional Archaeological Museum in Marsala (Italy). The mosaics survey was undertaken in order to obtain a very detailed 3D model and a full-scale ortho-image (scale 1:1), which would be useful for documentation and restoration processes. The research involved an evaluation of the potential and the related issues of the photogrammetric/computer vision approach for 3D mosaic documentation, particularly regarding the issue of camera calibration.</p>

Using Optical Satellite and Aerial Imagery for Automatic Coastline Mapping

“…Starting from the Landsat missions, it was possible to detect surface water body changes in the last three decades for the entire globe (Pekel et al, 2016, Aguilar et al, 2010. In addition, the increasing availability of multispectral images from satellite, airplane, UAV and terrestrial, combined with recent developments in automatic image processing algorithms, are making possible more and more complex applications in the environmental and surveying field in general (Palazzo et al, 2012;Mentashi et al, 2018;Lo Brutto & Dardanelli, 2017;Baiocchi et al, 2010;Baiocchi et al, 2014). In order to extract water bodies from different remote sensing images, various methods have been developed.…”

Digital camera calibration for cultural heritage documentation: the case study of a mass digitization project of religious monuments in Cyprus

“…Three-dimensional (3D) visualization of cultural heritage monuments using low-cost cameras has been widely studied in the past (Bolognesi et al, 2015;Caradonna et al, 2018;Verhoeven, 2011). Several studies used either the self-calibration or pre-calibration and calculated the precision.…”

“…The self-calibration and pre-calibration method of a low-cost camera with lenses of different focal lengths has been implemented in many studies (Brutto & Dardanelli, 2017;Zacharek et al, 2017) in order to estimate the internal orientation of the camera. The calibration was tested using different software packages, concluding that the most accurate deployed software program was Image Master (Fryskowska et al, 2016).…”

3D survey for the archaeological study and virtual reconstruction of the “Sanctuary of Isis” in the ancient Lilybaeum (Italy)

“…Thus, no high-quality textures using the RGB (Red, Green & Blue) values acquired by TLS can be created -despite it is possible to map RGB values of the point cloud-without high-resolution images from an external camera. Otherwise, photogrammetry produces highly detailed photographic textures and reliable ortho-images, enabling deepest analyses especially for detailed surfaces, like a mosaic or a fresco (Lo Brutto & Dardanelli, 2017;López-Martínez, Calvo-Bartolomé, & García-Bueno, 2019). Due to these differences, photogrammetry and TLS are often integrated to produce a unique detailed 3D model of an archaeological building or site (Grussenmeyer et al, 2011;Fiorillo, Jimenez, Remondino, & Barba, 2013).…”