“…Based on the theory of piecewise-continuous systems (PCSs) (Koncar & Vasseur, 2003;Wang, Vasseur, & Koncar, 2008;Wang, Kalchev, Tian, Simeonov, & Christov, 2013), a particular PCO was first proposed for inverted pendulum control systems (Wang, Vasseur, Koncar, Chamroo, & Christov, 2010). Then, a similar observer was used in visual servoing of robot systems (Wang, Vasseur, Christov, & Koncar, 2012). In this paper, the general PCO algorithm is described and state estimation error analysis is performed.…”