Vision Through the Atmosphere

Middleton, W. E. Knowles

doi:10.3138/9781487586140

Cited by 528 publications

(140 citation statements)

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“…These measurement do not dispute the observations of other authors (e.g., Middleton, 1968), who have claimed that no contrast changes take place in light atmospheric haze. The object of the present tests was to demonstrate selected seeing situations only.…”

Section: Some Illustrative Resultscontrasting

confidence: 52%

An attempt to quantify seeing through disturbed atmospheric ground layers

Gerharz

1981

Boundary-Layer Meteorol

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This paper relates to atmospheric seeing in daylight over a horizontal range of 775 m. The target was an illuminated circular sector pattern with which an observer may obtain optical contrast functions by stepwise quantitative estimations. Such functions were composed by marking the visual limits of recognition for each sector of the target during various weather situations. Characteristic features of the results of this work are summarized in the legends of the figures.

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Section: Some Illustrative Resultscontrasting

confidence: 52%

An attempt to quantify seeing through disturbed atmospheric ground layers

Gerharz

1981

Boundary-Layer Meteorol

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“…2. Scattering properties of raindrops have been analyzed (Middleton, 1952;McCartney, 1975;Deepak and Box, 1978), in fields such as atmospheric sciences, signal communication and remote sensing. These fields use active illumination sources such as (lasers) and specialized detectors (photo-cells) to examine rain effects on transmitted signal.…”

Section: Garg and Nayarmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1(a)). Hence, volumetric scattering models such as attenuation and airlight (Middleton, 1952;McCartney, 1975) can be used to adequately describe the manifestations of steady weather. In the last few years, various algorithms Nayar, 2002, 2003;Schechner et al, 2001;Cozman and Krotkov, 1997;Oakley and Satherley, 1998;Tan and Oakley, 2000) have been developed for removing the effects of steady weather from images and for recovering the 3D structure (Narasimhan Figure 1.…”

Section: Vision Through Rainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vision and Rain

2007

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The visual effects of rain are complex. Rain produces sharp intensity changes in images and videos that can severely impair the performance of outdoor vision systems. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the visual effects of rain and the various factors that affect it. Based on this analysis, we develop efficient algorithms for handling rain in computer vision as well as for photorealistic rendering of rain in computer graphics. We first develop a photometric model that describes the intensities produced by individual rain streaks and a dynamic model that captures the spatio-temporal properties of rain. Together, these models describe the complete visual appearance of rain. Using these models, we develop a simple and effective post-processing algorithm for detection and removal of rain from videos. We show that our algorithm can distinguish rain from complex motion of scene objects and other time-varying textures. We then extend our analysis by studying how various factors such as camera parameters, rain properties and scene brightness affect the appearance of rain. We show that the unique physical properties of rain-its small size, high velocity and spatial distribution-makes its visibility depend strongly on camera parameters. This dependence is used to reduce the visibility of rain during image acquisition by judiciously selecting camera parameters. Conversely, camera parameters can also be chosen to enhance the visibility of rain. This ability can be used to develop an inexpensive and portable camera-based rain gauge that provides instantaneous rain-rate measurements. Finally, we develop a rain streak appearance model that accounts for the rapid shape distortions (i.e. oscillations) that a raindrop undergoes as it falls. We show that modeling these distortions allows us to faithfully render the complex intensity patterns that are visible in the case of raindrops that are close to the camera.

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“…For a more detailed account, we recommend the books by Middleton [1] and McCartney [2]. Electromagnetic radiation can be subject to scattering by particles it eventually meets as it travels.…”

Section: Theory Of Light Scattering (Single-scattering Model)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where I 1 can be interpreted as the intensity at the horizon [1], the maximum apparent intensity of an object of the scene [2], or the intensity of a region where objects can not be distinguished [4]. Eq.…”

Section: Theory Of Light Scattering (Single-scattering Model)mentioning

confidence: 99%