Vision with a Stabilized Retinal Image

Ditchburn, R. W.; Ginsborg, B. L.

doi:10.1038/170036a0

Cited by 389 publications

(174 citation statements)

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“…Thus, although we referred to our stimuli as stationary, the random-dot patterns are not completely stabilized on the retina (in which case the visual image would fade) (Ditchburn and Ginsborg, 1952). We cannot evaluate whether slow drifts and small tremors contribute to the responses of MT neurons in our experiments, because it is very difficult to distinguish these movements from noise in the eye position signals.…”

Section: Can Responses To Stationary Stimuli Be Explained By Microsacmentioning

confidence: 97%

Macaque Middle Temporal Neurons Signal Depth in the Absence of Motion

Palanca

DeAngelis

2003

J. Neurosci.

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The middle temporal (MT) visual area is widely accepted to play important roles in motion processing. It is unclear, however, whether MT contributes to visual perception during the viewing of static scenes, when there is little retinal image motion during the interval between saccades. Some previous studies suggest that MT neurons give little or no response to stationary stimuli that are flashed onto the receptive field, but no previous study has directly examined the fidelity with which MT neurons code visual information in moving versus stationary stimuli. In this study, we compare the ability of MT neurons to signal binocular disparity in moving versus stationary random-dot stereograms. Although responses to moving stimuli are typically stronger, many MT neurons give robust responses to stationary stereograms, and some MT neurons actually prefer stationary patterns to those moving at any tested speed. These responses to stationary stimuli are not caused by monitor refresh or microsaccades. Disparity tuning curves for moving and stationary stimuli are nearly identical in shape for most neurons. Although the disparity discriminability of MT neurons is generally higher for moving stereograms when responses are averaged over the entire 1.5 sec trial epoch, discriminability is comparable for moving and stationary stimuli during the first 200 -300 msec of the response. Thus, in a normal time interval between saccades, MT neurons signal the binocular disparity of stationary stimuli with high fidelity. These findings show that MT can be a reliable source of visual information during the viewing of static scenes.

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Section: Can Responses To Stationary Stimuli Be Explained By Microsacmentioning

confidence: 97%

Macaque Middle Temporal Neurons Signal Depth in the Absence of Motion

Palanca

DeAngelis

2003

J. Neurosci.

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“…This is made evident when we consider that an image that is stabilized on the retina disappears after a short period (9)(10)(11)(12)(13). Edges must therefore be renewed in normal vision by eye movements, stimulus motion across visual space, or stimulus temporal modulation (i.e., flicker).…”

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confidence: 99%

The role of spatiotemporal edges in visibility and visual masking

Macknik

Martínez-Conde

Haglund

2000

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

107

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What parts of a visual stimulus produce the greatest neural signal? Previous studies have explored this question and found that the onset of a stimulus's edge is what excites early visual neurons most strongly. The role of inhibition at the edges of stimuli has remained less clear, however, and the importance of neural responses associated with the termination of stimuli has only recently been examined. Understanding all of these spatiotemporal parameters (the excitation and inhibition evoked by the stimulus's onset and termination, as well as its spatial edges) is crucial if we are to develop a general principle concerning the relationship between neural signals and the parts of the stimulus that generate them. Here, we use visual masking illusions to explore this issue, in combination with human psychophysics, awake behaving primate neurophysiology in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus, and optical recording in the primary visual cortex of anesthetized monkeys. The edges of the stimulus, rather than its interior, generate the strongest excitatory and inhibitory responses both perceptually and physiologically. These edges can be imaged directly by using optical recording techniques. Excitation and inhibition are moreover most powerful when the stimulus turns both on and off (what might be thought of as the stimulus's temporal edges). We thus conclude that there is a general principle that relates the generation of neural signals (excitatory and inhibitory) to the spatiotemporal edges of stimuli in the early visual system.

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“…The importance of stimulus motion for perception, which has been demonstrated by experiments with stabilized images (1), suggested that motion deprivation should have a substantial effect on the development of the visual system. To examine this suggestion, two kittens were reared from birth for 6 months in an enclosure in which the only source of illumination was a strobe light (strobe-reared).…”

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confidence: 99%

Cats Reared in Stroboscopic Illumination: Effects on Receptive Fields in Visual Cortex

Cynader¹,

Berman²,

Hein³

1973

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Cats were reared in a light-tight box in which the only source of illumination was a 9-psec strobe flash every 2 sec. This allowed them to experience visual form but they did not experience visual movement.Receptive-field properties of single units in area 17 of the visual cortex of cats reared in stroboscopic illumination (strobe-reared) were compared with properties of units in area 17 of normally reared cats. In strobe-reared cats both direction selectivity and orientation selectivity were greatly reduced relative to normally reared cats, and some units in the strobe-reared cats responded only to strobe flashes.

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Vision with a Stabilized Retinal Image

Cited by 389 publications

References 0 publications

Macaque Middle Temporal Neurons Signal Depth in the Absence of Motion

Macaque Middle Temporal Neurons Signal Depth in the Absence of Motion

The role of spatiotemporal edges in visibility and visual masking

Cats Reared in Stroboscopic Illumination: Effects on Receptive Fields in Visual Cortex

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