Visitor perspectives of risk management in a natural tourism setting: An application of the Theory of Planned Behaviour

Gstaettner, Anna Maria; Rodger, Kate; Lee, Diane

doi:10.1016/j.jort.2017.04.001

Cited by 62 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Although we are increasing our knowledge on where, when and who are most at risk, we still must understand the psychological factors that make some visitors choose to ignore or underestimate risk management interventions put in place. Some studies 11 suggest that visitor's perception work in different risk dimensions than safety managers and tend to assess the natural setting rather intuitively and seek more for a positive outdoor experience, with the sense of freedom and choice associated to a vacational period. Also, the increasingly presence of lifeguard at ocean beaches may encourage risky swimming behaviour due to a perception of shared responsibility in their safety.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visitor Drownings in Spain 2013-2018

Gomez¹,

García²,

Vega³

et al. 2018

IJARE

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visitor Drownings in Spain 2013-2018

Gomez¹,

García²,

Vega³

et al. 2018

IJARE

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“…Wildlife-human interactions associated with hunting have also been explored where the perceived risks can be indirectly influenced by management action and information dissemination [61]. The higher the perceived risk, the lower the likelihood of travel to a destination as potential visitors become more cautious and rational [62,63]. Therefore, understanding the risk sensitivity of tourists in different situations, and providing them with health and safety protection when necessary, have become important to the construction and marketing of destinations.…”

Section: Tourism Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decision-Making Behavior and Risk Perception of Chinese Female Wildlife Tourists

Wang

Wall

et al. 2021

Sustainability

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Prior to the global pandemic, wildlife tourism was increasing rapidly globally but was in the early stages of development in China, where it faces great challenges and opportunities. Women comprise a substantial proportion of the market but their decision-making behavior and their perceptions of risk in wildlife tourism have not yet been explored. This paper explores relationships between risk perception and decision-making in tourism. A survey of female tourists was undertaken at non-captive and semi-captive wildlife sites in western China, as well as through internet website posting, resulting in 415 completed questionnaires. Quantitative methods were used to examine four sequential stages of decision-making in wildlife tourism: destination selection, trip itinerary, travel mode and security assurance, and entertainment consumption. Three dimensions of risk perception in wildlife tourism were identified: physical safety, personal comfort, and quality of experience. Decision-making behavior and risk perceptions are related. Perceived risks greatly impact tourists’ travel mode and security assurance decisions. The higher the perceived risk, the greater the likelihood of female tourists participating in decisions on destination selection, travel methods and other entertainment activities undertaken on their wildlife tourism trips. Concerns regarding personal comfort positively influence destination selection, the trip itinerary, and recreation and consumption decisions. Assurance of acquiring a quality experience influences entertainment consumption decisions. The study contributes to the understanding of risk, decision-making behavior and gender research, and confirms the practical importance of safety considerations at wildlife destinations.

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“…According to the TPB, people's motivation to behave in a specific way within a specific context is based on three interrelated elements which are the core of the TPB model: an individual's attitude towards the behavior (behavioral beliefs), subjective norms (normative beliefs), and perceived behavioral control (control beliefs) (Ajzen, 2005(Ajzen, , 2012 (Gstaettner, Rodger, & Lee, 2017).…”

Section: The Theory Of Planned Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cognitive response is the evaluation made in forming an attitude; the affective response is a psychological response expressing the preference of a tourist for an entity; and the behavioral component is a verbal indication of the intention of a tourist to visit or use that entity (Lee, 2009). Attitudes toward a behavior form most favorably when individuals believe this behavior to result in beneficial and enjoyable outcomes (Gstaettner et al, 2017).…”

Section: Core Of Tpbmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Individuals perceive, evaluate, and respond to risk in a variety of ways, depending on psychological processes and the perceived situational context at the time of making a decision ((Trimpop, 1994)& (Gstaettner et al, 2017)). If the difference between risk perceptions/cost and the attractiveness of a destination has a strong positive value, the individual might decide to travel to that destination (Korstanje, 2009).…”

Section: Sources Of Traveling Information Culture Distance and Percmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Exploring the Impact Factors of Tourists’ Intention to Choose Iran as a Traveling Destination

Mehrparvar¹,

Xu²,

Saeedi³

2020

IBR

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The purpose of this paper is to explore the effective factors in attracting outbound tourists to choose Iran as a traveling destination. This survey has been done in China. The total number of respondents was 406, where 95% of respondents filled an online questionnaire and 5% filled it manually. The exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used to analyze the questionnaire, and logistic regression was deployed to explore the effective factors in this survey. The questions were defined based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and the role of culture, custom, the source of traveling information, and perceived traveling risks in choosing Iran as a traveling destination. The outcome of this survey on Chinese people suggested that the attractions of Iran, environment, and political risks are the main factors which play an important role in choosing Iran as a traveling destination. The experience of traveling abroad also revealed a significant effect in decision making on traveling destination.

show abstract

Visitor perspectives of risk management in a natural tourism setting: An application of the Theory of Planned Behaviour

Cited by 62 publications

References 40 publications

Visitor Drownings in Spain 2013-2018

Visitor Drownings in Spain 2013-2018

Decision-Making Behavior and Risk Perception of Chinese Female Wildlife Tourists

Exploring the Impact Factors of Tourists’ Intention to Choose Iran as a Traveling Destination

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