Viskosität in Lösung und Kondensationsgeschwindigkeit von Phenolformaldehydharzen

Klaassens, K. H.; Houwink, R.

doi:10.1007/bf01422559

Cited by 11 publications

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“…The values of k and f were calculated from the regression formula. Both parameters were then inserted in formula (13) and the relative viscosity calculated at the corresponding composition. This calculated relative viscosity was then compared with the measured one and the difference expressed as a percentage of the measured value.…”

Section: Application To Systems From the Literature And From Own Expementioning

confidence: 99%

General viscosity-composition relationship for dispersions, solutions and binary liquid systems

Kunnen

1984

Rheol Acta

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An equation for the viscosity of a mixture of two imaginary Newtonian liquids is derived. In the derivation the mathematical assumption is used that the effective activation energy for viscous flow of a binary liquid mixture is a linear combination of the reciprocals of the activation energy of the components. It contains two dependent fitting constants and has the same structure as the Mooney equation for dispersions of spherical solid particles, the Huggins equation for polymer solutions and is identical to an equation by Hoffmann and Rother, when written in the variables that the last authors used.As a consequence it can be shown that the viscosity of binary liquid mixtures, liquid resion solutions, dispersions of solid spherical particles and polymer solutions can be described very well by one and the same equation, up to the highest concentrations.It has further been found that the viscosity of dispersions of non-spherical particles, solutions of solids in organic solvents and solutions of electrolytes and non-electrolytes in water can also be described by this formula. The equation permits the construction of a straight line on which all liquids can be plotted.An algebraic analysis of the equation shows that each series of viscosity composition data can be placed in one of three rheological groups independent of the type of fraction that is used to characterize the composition.Seventy-four binary systems, covering a wide range of liquids have been used to show the applicability of the developed equation.It has been found that in most cases the data are best described by splitting them into two regions, each with its own set of dependent constants. General symbol for the fraction or concentration of the component with the higher viscosity deter-0 mining the composition of a binary mixture [-] [0] Volume fraction of the component with the higher viscosity [-] 0,. Weight fraction of the component with the higher qsp viscosity [-] [0]e Molecular weight fraction of the component with[0]L, the higher viscosity [-] [0]w Concentration of the component with the higher Kunnen, General viscosity-composition relationship for dispersions, solutions and binary liquid systems 425

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Section: Application To Systems From the Literature And From Own Expementioning

confidence: 99%

General viscosity-composition relationship for dispersions, solutions and binary liquid systems

Kunnen

1984

Rheol Acta

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Säurefeste Kunststoffe für den chemischen Apparatebau

Schücking¹

1954

Chemie Ingenieur Technik

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Limiting viscosity number—molecular weight relationships for phenol‐formaldehyde resin in solution

Kamide

Miyakawa

1978

Makromol. Chem.

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The effect of molecular structure of phenol-formaldehyde resin on the Mark-Houwink-Sakurada equation for solutions in acetone is systematically studied. Random and high-ortho phenol-formaldehyde resins are prepared by conventional, acid-catalyzed and Zn+ +-catalyzed condensations, respectively. The relative contents of 2,T-, 2,4'-and 4,4'-methylene linkages are determined by ''C NMR spectroscopy. From these the detailed distribution of structural isomers is calculated. Several fractions having numberaverage molecular weights (by vapor pressure osmometry) @, , > lo4 are isolated by a successive solutional fractionation run from whole random polymers. For solutions of random polymer in acetone at 30°C [ q ] =0,631 .Modz8 (where [q] is limiting viscosity number) and for high-ortho polymer [ q ] =0,0813. A?$'' are established. The former equation can be interpreted in terms of the Zimm-Stockmayer theory of branched polymer solutions.

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Viskosität in Lösung und Kondensationsgeschwindigkeit von Phenolformaldehydharzen

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

General viscosity-composition relationship for dispersions, solutions and binary liquid systems

General viscosity-composition relationship for dispersions, solutions and binary liquid systems

Säurefeste Kunststoffe für den chemischen Apparatebau

Limiting viscosity number—molecular weight relationships for phenol‐formaldehyde resin in solution

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