Visual adaptation: Neural, psychological and computational aspects

Clifford, Colin W. G.; Webster, Michael A.; Stanley, Garrett B.; Stocker, Alan A.; Kohn, Adam; Sharpee, Tatyana O.; Schwartz, Odelia

doi:10.1016/j.visres.2007.08.023

Cited by 339 publications

(318 citation statements)

References 56 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

305

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The backward and forward aftereffects are similar for a subject and significantly correlated across subjects (Pearson correlation coefficient, 0.78; P = 6.3 × 10 −6 ), suggesting mutual influence between the two lines in working memory. Such bidirectional, temporal interactions are not considered or explained by standard adaptation theories, which interpret adaptation as a consequence of using past stimulus statistics to efficiently transmit future stimuli and therefore predict only forward aftereffect (35)(36)(37)(38)(39). Similarly, sequential physiological mechanisms, such as previous response history affecting current responses, cannot explain the backward aftereffect.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual perception as retrospective Bayesian decoding from high- to low-level features

Ding

Cueva

Tsodyks

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

When a stimulus is presented, its encoding is known to progress from low-to high-level features. How these features are decoded to produce perception is less clear, and most models assume that decoding follows the same low-to high-level hierarchy of encoding. There are also theories arguing for global precedence, reversed hierarchy, or bidirectional processing, but they are descriptive without quantitative comparison with human perception. Moreover, observers often inspect different parts of a scene sequentially to form overall perception, suggesting that perceptual decoding requires working memory, yet few models consider how working-memory properties may affect decoding hierarchy. We probed decoding hierarchy by comparing absolute judgments of single orientations and relative/ordinal judgments between two sequentially presented orientations. We found that lower-level, absolute judgments failed to account for higher-level, relative/ordinal judgments. However, when ordinal judgment was used to retrospectively decode memory representations of absolute orientations, striking aspects of absolute judgments, including the correlation and forward/backward aftereffects between two reported orientations in a trial, were explained. We propose that the brain prioritizes decoding of higher-level features because they are more behaviorally relevant, and more invariant and categorical, and thus easier to specify and maintain in noisy working memory, and that more reliable higher-level decoding constrains less reliable lower-level decoding.Bayesian prior | interreport correlation | bidirectional tilt aftereffect | efficient coding | adaptation theory V isual stimuli evoke neuronal responses (a process termed encoding), which lead to our perceptual estimation of the stimuli (decoding). Experimental studies have firmly established that encoding is hierarchical, progressing from lower-level representations of simpler and less invariant features to higher-level representations of more complex and invariant features along visual pathways (1). Researchers have also studied decoding by using models to relate neuronal responses to perceptual estimation. Most models posit, explicitly or implicitly, that decoding follows the same low-to high-level hierarchy, often in the form of what we call the absolute-to-relative assumption (2-6). For example, these models may decode V1 responses to a line into a perceived orientation of, say 51.2°(or a distribution around it). Psychophysically, this is termed an absolute judgment. To determine the relationship between two lines, the models first decode each orientation separately and the two resulting absolute orientations are then compared. For instance, the two absolute orientations may be subtracted to obtain the angle between the lines (relative orientation), or the sign of the difference may be used to determine whether the second line is clockwise or counterclockwise from the first (ordinal orientation discrimination). Absolute orientation of a single line is a simpler, less invariant, lower-...

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual perception as retrospective Bayesian decoding from high- to low-level features

Ding

Cueva

Tsodyks

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Why should this be so? The persistence of adaptation can be viewed as a prediction by the visual system that the current pattern of stimulation will continue into the future [47]. Perhaps the complex motions signaled at high-level sites are less predictable and persistent than the simpler motions signaled at lower levels, and the difference in adaptation strength is an expression of this difference in predictability.…”

Section: Boxmentioning

confidence: 99%

The motion aftereffect reloaded

Mather

Pavan

Campana

et al. 2008

Trends in Cognitive Sciences

135

118

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The motion after-effect is a robust illusion of visual motion resulting from exposure to a moving pattern. There is a widely accepted explanation of it in terms of changes in the response of cortical direction-selective neurons. Research has distinguished several variants of the effect. Converging recent evidence from different experimental techniques (psychophysics, single-unit recording, brain imaging, transcranial magnetic stimulation, and evoked potentials) reveals that adaptation is not confined to one or even two cortical areas, but involves up to five different sites, reflecting the multiple levels of processing involved in visual motion analysis. A tentative motion processing framework is described, based on motion after-effect research. Recent ideas on the function of adaptation see it as a form of gain control that maximises the efficiency of information transmission.

show abstract

“…Long before neuroimaging and electrophysiology were commonplace, the use of extended exposure to stimuli and their consequent perceptual aftereffects served as the "psychologist's micro-electrode" (Frisby, 1980). In vision research, this approach was used to investigate neurons tuned to colour, motion, spatial frequency and orientation, to name but a few stimulus dimensions (for reviews see Clifford et al, 2007;Webster, 2011). Similarly, adaptation has been extensively employed in auditory (Carlile, Hyams, & Delaney, 2001;Kay & Matthews, 1972;Phillips & Hall, 2005), somatosensory (Hahn, 1966;Hollins, Sliman, & Washburn, 2001;Miyazaki, Yamamoto, Uchida, & Kitazawa, 2006), and olfactory research (Dalton, 2000;.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Auditory frequency perception adapts rapidly to the immediate past

Alais

Orchard-Mills

Burg

2014

Atten Percept Psychophys

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Frequency modulation is critical to human speech. Evidence from psychophysics, neurophysiology, and neuroimaging suggests that there are neuronal populations tuned to this property of speech. Consistent with this, extended exposure to frequency change produces direction specific aftereffects in frequency change detection. We show that this aftereffect occurs extremely rapidly, requiring only a single trial of just 100-ms duration. We demonstrate this using a long, randomized series of frequency sweeps (both upward and downward, by varying amounts) and analyzing intertrial adaptation effects. We show the point of constant frequency is shifted systematically towards the previous trial's sweep direction (i.e., a frequency sweep aftereffect). Furthermore, the perception of glide direction is also independently influenced by the glide presented two trials previously. The aftereffect is frequency tuned, as exposure to a frequency sweep from a set centered on 1,000 Hz does not influence a subsequent trial drawn from a set centered on 400 Hz. More generally, the rapidity of adaptation suggests the auditory system is constantly adapting and "tuning" itself to the most recent environmental conditions.

show abstract

Visual adaptation: Neural, psychological and computational aspects

Cited by 339 publications

References 56 publications

Visual perception as retrospective Bayesian decoding from high- to low-level features

Visual perception as retrospective Bayesian decoding from high- to low-level features

The motion aftereffect reloaded

Auditory frequency perception adapts rapidly to the immediate past

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About