Visual and haptic dimensional preference: A developmental study.

Abstract

Dimensional preference tasks in bcth visual and haptic modalities with three dimensional stimuli varying in form, size, color, or texture were presented to 64 children. There were 16 subjects at each of four grade levels: preschool, kindergarten, grade 1, and grade 3. On each trig'., the subject was presented three stimuli and asked to tell the exami:er which two were the same. The pattern of preference scores was essentially the same in bath visual and haptic tasks. On both tasks, all age groups, except for the preschoolers, showed marked form dominance. Form was especially salient for the kindergarteners and seemed to decrease in sUience after that point. Preschoolers showed no clear dimensional preference. However, color or texture preference' was relatively low at all ages. The importance of type of stimuli and method of presentation used in assessing dimensional preference is discussed in an attempt to account for the discrepancies between the results or this and pi-vious studies. Tables, charts, and references are included.

Task Conflict and Task Control: A Mini-Review

“…Following the notion that form-based object-naming and classification is habitual and automatic in children (Kagan and Lemkin, 1961; Siegel and Vance, 1970; Bloom, 2002; Diesendruck and Bloom, 2003), Prevor and Diamond (2005) have used a color-object Stroop task, asking young children to name the colors of abstract shapes and familiar objects, which were presented in their congruent (e.g., a yellow banana), incongruent (e.g., a blue banana), or neutral (e.g., a purple scissors) colors. Because of their stimulus-driven tendency to name the objects, children were slower and less accurate in naming the color of namable objects in comparison to abstract forms, even when the objects appeared in their congruent colors.…”

Color–object interference in young children: A Stroop effect in children 3½–6½ years old

“…A stimulus is considered to "be" what its object classification or name is, while color is but one of its surface attributes. Children and adults are inclined to classify and sort by shape (or object kind) rather than by color (Colby & Robertson, 1942;Kagan & Lemkin, 1961;Mittler & Harris, 1969;Siegel & Vance, 1970;Smiley & Weir, 1966;Rosch, Mervis, Gray, Johnson, & Boyes-Braem, 1976) and to generalize a new word or fact to other stimuli of the same shape or object kind rather than to other stimuli of the same color (termed "the shape bias" by Landau, Smith, & Jones, 1988; see also Gelman & Markman, 1987;Smith, Jones, Gershkoff-Stowe, & Samuelson, 2002).…”

“…What is clear is that over development children come to attend preferentially to form more and more. There is much evidence that during early childhood there is a progression from preferential focusing on color to preferential focusing on shape, with 3-4½ years of age being the peak of the preference for color or a transition period of equal preference for color and form (Brian & Goodenough, 1929;Brown & Campione, 1971;Colby & Robertson, 1942;Corah, 1964;Descoudres, 1941;Kagan & Lemkin, 1961;Melkman & Deutsch, 1977;Siegel & Vance, 1970;Suchman & Trabasso, 1966;Tobie, 1926). For example, Suchman and Trabasso (1966) found that when they asked children to "point to the two that are the same," children of 2.8-3.9 years preferred color, children of 3.9-4.5 showed no net preference, and children of 4.5-5.5 years preferred form, with the difference between form and color preference increasing significantly and linearly with age.…”

Le livre tactile illustré : influence de la technique d’illustration sur la reconnaissance des images par des personnes voyantes et non-voyantes

“…Lederman et Klatzky, (1997) observent que des adultes travaillant sans voir peuvent discriminer un objet plus rapidement s'il diffère par la texture plutôt que par la forme. Cela a également été observé chez les enfants (Berger & Hatwell, 1996;Gliner, Pick, Pick, & Hales, 1969;Siegel & Vance, 1970). Berger et Hatwell (1993, 1995 Le système haptique semble donc plus adapté que la vision pour le traitement de la texture.…”