Visual and olfactory enhancement of stable fly trapping

Zhu, Junwei; Zhang, Qinghe; Taylor, David B.; Friesen, Kristina

doi:10.1002/ps.4207

Cited by 24 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…S8 and Table S24). Overall, these findings are consistent with the electrophysiological and positive phototactic sensitivity of Stomoxys to light in the UV, blue, and green range of visible light [24, 98].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

“…S11). Of note, Stomoxys is also characterized by an expanded visual sensitivity in the red range [24, 98]. While this aspect could likewise be related to the Rh1 opsin cluster expansion, the red-sensitivity of Stomoxys is shared with other calyptrate species, which preserved the ancestral condition of a singleton Rh1 homolog (including Glossina and Calliphora ) [105, 106].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of possible significance in this context, stable flies exhibit strong positive phototaxis in response to UV-and blue range light sources [22, 23, 111, 112]. Moreover, positive phototaxis to blue light increases in female flies after fertilization [24]. Whether and how these visual preferences relate to the high ratio of blue (Rh5) vs green-sensitive (Rh6) opsin expression also awaits resolution through single cell expression and wavelength-sensitivity studies of the unexpectedly complex opsin gene repertoire of the stable fly.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since stable flies infrequently associate with their hosts, feeding only 1 to 2 times per day, on-animal and pesticide applications are less effective control efforts than those that integrate sanitation practices with fly population suppression by way of traps [21]. Given the importance of chemosensory and vision pathways, repellents have been identified that target stable fly chemosensory inputs and current trap technologies exploit stable fly visual attraction [22-24]. However, despite these efforts, consistent control of stable fly populations remains challenging and development of novel control mechanisms is greatly needed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Functional genomics of the stable fly,Stomoxys calcitrans, reveals mechanisms underlying reproduction, host interactions, and novel targets for pest control

Pu¹,

Aksoy²,

et al. 2019

Preprint

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57Background: The stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans, is a major blood-feeding pest of livestock that 58 has near worldwide distribution, causing an annual cost of over $2 billion for control and product 59 loss in the United States alone. Control of these flies has been limited to increased sanitary 60 management practices and insecticide application for suppressing larval stages. Few genetic 61 and molecular resources are available to help in developing novel methods for controlling stable 62 flies. 63 64 Results: This study examines stable fly biology by utilizing a combination of high-quality 65 genome sequencing, microbiome analyses, and RNA-seq analyses targeting multiple 66 developmental stages and tissues. In conjunction, manual curation of over 1600 genes was 67 used to examine gene content related to stable fly reproduction, interactions with their host, 68 host-microbe dynamics, and putative routes for control. Most notable was establishment of 69 reproduction-associated genes and identification of expanded vision, chemosensation, immune 70 repertoire, and metabolic detoxification pathway gene families. 71 72 Conclusions: The combined sequencing, assembly, and curation of the male stable fly genome 73 followed by RNA-seq and downstream analyses provide insights necessary to understand the 74 biology of this important pest. These resources and knowledge will provide the groundwork for 75 expanding the tools available to control stable fly infestations. The close relationship of 76 Stomoxys to other blood-feeding (Glossina) and non-blood-feeding flies (medflies, Drosophila, 77 house flies) will allow for understanding the evolution of blood feeding among Cyclorrhapha 78 flies. 79 80 immunity 83 Additional File 1: Supplementary Material; Additional File 2: Supplementary Tables 84 Supplementary Dataset Files: 10 85 109 or a contaminated substrate to a susceptible host, association between specific vector and 110 pathogen is not necessary) of Equine infectious anemia, African swine fever, West Nile, and Rift 111 Valley Viruses, Trypanosoma spp., and Besnoitia spp. (reviewed by [13]). The apparent low 112 vector competence of stable flies implicates the importance of immune system pathways not 113 only in regulating larval survival in microbe-rich environments but also in the inability of 114 pathogens to survive and replicate in the adult midgut following ingestion [14-16]. 115 Stable fly mate location and recognition are largely dependent upon visual cues and contact 116 pheromones [17, 18], and gravid females identify suitable oviposition sites through a 117 combination of olfactory and contact chemostimuli along with physical cues [19, 20]. Since 118 stable flies infrequently associate with their hosts, feeding only 1 to 2 times per day, on-animal 119 5 and pesticide applications are less effective control efforts than those that integrate sanitation 120 practices with fly population suppression by way of traps [21]. Given the importance of 121 chemosensory and vision pathways, repellents have been ident...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Functional genomics of the stable fly,Stomoxys calcitrans, reveals mechanisms underlying reproduction, host interactions, and novel targets for pest control

Pu¹,

Aksoy²,

et al. 2019

Preprint

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show abstract

“…White traps caught proportionately more males than yellow traps [ 6 ]. Zhu et al [ 8 ] found white traps caught more S. calcitrans in the field compared to blue-black patterned traps, although in a laboratory study, blue traps caught more gravid females, whilst white traps caught more young flies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Black Border Increases Stomoxys calcitrans Catch on White Sticky Traps

Murchie

Hall

Gordon

et al. 2018

Insects

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Stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans, is a biting fly that can cause severe irritation to livestock resulting in reduced productivity. The most common method of monitoring S. calcitrans is through the use of sticky traps and many designs have been developed using different colours and materials such as alsynite fibreglass and polypropylene sheeting. Laboratory experiments and some field experimentation have demonstrated that colour contrast can attract S. calcitrans. However, this response has not been fully utilised in trap design. To test that simple colour contrast could increase trap efficacy, white sticky traps were mounted on three differently coloured backgrounds (white, yellow, and black) and positioned at five sites on a mixed livestock farm. White sticky traps on a black background caught significantly more S. calcitrans than the yellow or white backgrounds. An incidental result was that Pollenia sp. were caught in greater numbers on the yellow framed traps. The reasons for S. calcitrans attraction to black–white contrast are most likely due to conspicuousness in the environment although the extent to which flies are using this feature as a host-location cue or a perching site are unknown.

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A push–pull strategy to suppress stable fly (Diptera: Muscidae) attacks on pasture cattle via a coconut oil fatty acid repellent formulation and traps with m‐cresol lures

Lehmann

Brewer

Boxler³

et al. 2023

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND Stable flies [Stomoxys calcitrans (L.)] are economically important pests of cattle and other livestock. As an alternative to conventional insecticides, we tested a push–pull management strategy using a coconut oil fatty acid repellent formulation and an attractant‐added stable fly trap. RESULTS In our field trials we found that weekly applications of a push–pull strategy can reduce stable fly populations on cattle as well as a standard insecticide (permethrin). We also found that the efficacy periods of the push–pull and permethrin treatments following on‐animal application were equivalent. Traps with an attractant lure used as the pull component of the push–pull strategy captured sufficient numbers of stable flies to reduce on‐animal numbers by an estimated 17–21%. CONCLUSIONS This is the first proof‐of‐concept field trial demonstrating the effectiveness of a push–pull strategy using a coconut oil fatty acid‐based repellent formulation and traps with an attractant lure to manage stable flies on pasture cattle. Also notable is that the push–pull strategy had an efficacy period equivalent to that of a standard, conventional insecticide under field conditions. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

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Visual and olfactory enhancement of stable fly trapping

Cited by 24 publications

References 34 publications

Functional genomics of the stable fly,Stomoxys calcitrans, reveals mechanisms underlying reproduction, host interactions, and novel targets for pest control

Functional genomics of the stable fly,Stomoxys calcitrans, reveals mechanisms underlying reproduction, host interactions, and novel targets for pest control

Black Border Increases Stomoxys calcitrans Catch on White Sticky Traps

A push–pull strategy to suppress stable fly (Diptera: Muscidae) attacks on pasture cattle via a coconut oil fatty acid repellent formulation and traps with m‐cresol lures

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