Visual and Phonological Codes in Letter and Word Recognition: Evidence from Incremental Priming

Ziegler, Johannes C.; Ferrand, Ludovic; Jacobs, Arthur; Rey, Arnaud; Grainger, Jonathan

doi:10.1080/713755906

Cited by 84 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 40 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, there was no priming from phonologically related (nonword) primes to (word) target pairs (e.g., SMORL -SMALL). More recently, however, early phonological effects in masked priming have been found even for nonword primes (e.g., Ferrand and Grainger, 1994;Ziegler et al, 2000) suggesting that phonology is computed pre-lexically.…”

Section: Phonological Effects In Behavioral Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pseudohomophone effects provide evidence of early lexico‐phonological processing in visual word recognition

Braun¹,

Hutzler²,

Ziegler³

et al. 2008

Human Brain Mapping

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Previous research using event-related brain potentials (ERPs) suggested that phonological processing in visual word recognition occurs rather late, typically after semantic or syntactic processing. Here we show that phonological activation in visual word recognition can be observed much earlier. Using a lexical decision task, we show that ERPs to pseudohomophones (e.g., ROZE) differed from well matched spelling controls (e.g., ROFE) as early as 150 ms (P150) after stimulus onset. The pseudohomophone effect occurred as early as the word frequency effect suggesting that phonological activation occurs early enough to influence lexical access. Low-resolution electromagnetic tomography analysis (LORETA) revealed that left temporo-parietal and right fronto-temporal areas are the likely brain regions associated with the processing of phonological information at the lexical level. Altogether, the results show that phonological processes are activated early in visual word recognition and play an important role in lexical access.

show abstract

Section: Phonological Effects In Behavioral Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pseudohomophone effects provide evidence of early lexico‐phonological processing in visual word recognition

Braun¹,

Hutzler²,

Ziegler³

et al. 2008

Human Brain Mapping

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It could be, for example, that masked (neutral) primes are more likely to engage the articulators than the hands and, hence, do not constitute an appropriate neutral stimulus. Determining the appropriate baseline in experiments of this type is difficult, but one solution for which there is some consensus is to use only congruent and incongruent primes and to parametrically manipulate the presentation duration of the primes (Ziegler et al, 2000). This procedure allows one to plot the effect size of each prime type (congruent and incongruent) as a function of the opportunity that participants are given to process the prime stimulus.…”

Section: Experiments 5: Masked Congruence Priming With Picturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulating the masked congruence priming effect with the hands and the mouth.

Finkbeiner

Caramazza

2008

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The authors report a series of experiments in which they use the masked congruence priming paradigm to investigate the processing of masked primes in the manual and verbal response modalities. In the manual response modality, they found that masked incongruent primes produced interference relative to both congruent and neutral primes. This finding, which replicates the standard finding in the masked congruence priming literature, is presumed to reflect the conflict that arises between two incompatible responses and, thus, to index the extent of processing of the masked prime. Somewhat surprisingly, when participants were asked to respond verbally in the same task, masked incongruent primes no longer produced interference, but masked congruent primes produced facilitation. These findings are surprising because they suggest that the processing of nonconsciously perceived primes extends to the response level in the manual, but not verbal, response modality. The authors propose that the modulation of the masked congruence priming effect by response modality is due to verbal, but not manual, responses being mediated by the lexical-phonological production system. Keywords: masked priming, stimulus-response compatibility, response priming, visual awareness, response modality, lexical access in speech production How extensively are subliminally presented stimuli processed? In a seminal paper in this area of research, Dehaene et al. (1998, p. 599) claimed that their results resolved the issue over the extent of processing of subliminally presented (masked) primes. In their experimental paradigm, participants categorized a visible target stimulus (e.g., EIGHT) as being either larger or smaller than five. Unbeknownst to the participants, the visible targets were preceded by a masked prime stimulus (e.g., three) that fell either on the same side of five as the target (i.e., congruent prime) or on the opposite side of five (i.e., incongruent prime). Participants responded by pressing a "smaller than five" button with one hand and a "larger than five" button with the other hand. Despite participants being unable to detect the presence of the prime stimuli, the primes produced clear behavioral and neurophysiological effects. Behaviorally, Dehaene et al. found that response times in the incongruent condition were significantly slower than in the congruent condition. This behavioral effect, referred to as the masked congruence effect (MCE), has been observed in a wide variety of paradigms with nonorthographic stimuli, including meta-contrast masking of arrows (Vorberg, Mattler, Heinecke, Schmidt, & Schwarzbach, 2003) and spatial locations (Leuthold & Kopp, 1998;Neumann & Klotz, 1994) and pattern masking of arrows (Eimer & Schlaghecken, 1998). Subsequently, the MCE has also been replicated several times with orthographic stimuli (Kunde, Kiesel, & Hoffmann, 2003;Naccache & Dehaene, 2001;Van Opstal, Reynvoet, & Verguts, 2005). It was the neurophysiological findings, though, that led Dehaene et al. to claim to have "resolved the d...

show abstract

“…This within-condition baseline will be used against other prime exposure durations (e.g., 27, 40, 53 ms). The raison d'être of the technique, as described by Ziegler et al (2000), is straightforward: "If performance improves with respect to this within-condition baseline, then the prime has facilitated target processing. If performance decreases, then the prime has inhibited target processing."…”

Section: Rationale Of the Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The briefest prime duration (13 ms) will presumably fail to reveal any significant priming effects, whereas the longest prime duration (53 ms) is virtually the same as that in prior work with this task (i.e., 50 ms). As in previous work by Grainger and colleagues (e.g., Grainger & Frenck-Mestre, 1998;Jacobs et al, 1995;Peressotti & Grainger, 1999;Ziegler et al, 2000), we followed a psychophysical approach: A small sample of highly trained participants undertook several test sessions. Experiment 1 was a masked repetition priming experiment under "standard" (i.e., predictive-contingency) conditions (e.g., "same" trials: HOUSE -house -HOUSE vs. house -water-HOUSE; "different" trials: field -house -HOUSE vs. field -water -HOUSE).…”

Section: The Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One highly valuable tool to study the time course of facilitative/inhibitory priming effects is the incremental priming technique (Jacobs, Grainger, & Ferrand, 1995;see also Frost, Ahissar, Gottesman, & Tayeb, 2003;Giraudo & Grainger, 2001;Grainger & Frenck-Mestre, 1998;Peressotti & Grainger, 1999;Ziegler, Ferrand, Jacobs, Rey, & Grainger, 2000). In an incremental priming experiment, the critical manipulation is not just the prime -target relationship (e.g., related vs. unrelated priming conditions; i.e., across-condition comparisons), but also the prime exposure duration (or, in other studies, the intensity of the stimuli; i.e., within-condition comparisons).…”

Section: Rationale Of the Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Facilitation versus Inhibition in the Masked Priming Same–Different Matching Task

Perea

Moret-Tatay

Carreiras

2011

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the past years, growing attention has been devoted to the masked priming same -different task introduced by Norris and Kinoshita (2008, Journal of Experimental Psychology: General). However, a number of researchers have raised concerns on the nature of the cognitive processes underlying this task-in particular the suspicion that masked priming effects in this task are mostly inhibitory in nature and may be affected by probe-prime contingency. To examine the pattern of facilitative/inhibitory priming effects in this task, we conducted two experiments with an incremental priming paradigm using four stimulus-onset asynchronies (13, 27, 40, and 53 ms). Experiment 1 was conducted under a predictive-contingency scenario (probe-prime-target; i.e., "same" trials: HOUSE-house-HOUSE vs. housewater-HOUSE; "different" trials: field-house-HOUSE vs. field-water-HOUSE), while Experiment 2 employed a zero-contingency scenario (i.e., "same" trials: HOUSE-house-HOUSE vs. house-water-HOUSE; "different" trials: field-field-HOUSE vs. field-water-HOUSE). Results revealed that, for "same" responses, both facilitation and inhibition increased linearly with prime duration in the two scenarios, whereas the pattern of data varied for "different" responses, as predicted by the Bayesian Reader model.

show abstract

Visual and Phonological Codes in Letter and Word Recognition: Evidence from Incremental Priming

Cited by 84 publications

References 40 publications

Pseudohomophone effects provide evidence of early lexico‐phonological processing in visual word recognition

Pseudohomophone effects provide evidence of early lexico‐phonological processing in visual word recognition

Modulating the masked congruence priming effect with the hands and the mouth.

Facilitation versus Inhibition in the Masked Priming Same–Different Matching Task

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About