Visual and phonological similarity effects in verbal immediate serial recall: A test with kanji materials

Saito, Satoru; Logie, Robert H.; Morita, Aiko; Law, Anna S.

doi:10.1016/j.jml.2008.01.004

Cited by 107 publications

(145 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Baddeley, Lewis & Vallar, 1984;Murray, 1965), but not of non-verbal tasks (e.g. Saito, Logie, Morita & Law, 2008). So, its difficulty depends on the task with which it is combined, not on any overall demand on the cognitive system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of working memory load on task execution and online plan adjustment during multitasking in a virtual environment

Law

Trawley

Brown

et al. 2013

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

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Three experiments investigated the impact of working memory load on on-line plan adjustment during a test of multitasking in young, non-expert, adult participants. Multitasking was assessed using the Edinburgh Virtual Errands Test (EVET -Logie, . Participants were asked to memorise either good or poor plans for performing multiple errands, and were assessed both on task completion and the extent to which they modified their plans during EVET performance. EVET was performed twice, with and without a secondary task loading a component of working memory. In Experiment 1 articulatory suppression was used to load the phonological loop.In Experiment 2, oral random generation was used to load executive functions. In Experiment 3, spatial working memory was loaded with an auditory spatial localisation task. EVET performance for both good and poor planning groups was disrupted by random generation and sound localisation, but not by articulatory suppression. Additionally, people given a poor plan were able to overcome this initial disadvantage by modifying their plans on-line. It was concluded that, in addition to executive functions, multiple errands performance draws heavily on spatial, but not verbal, working memory resources but can be successfully completed on the basis of modifying plans on-line, despite a secondary task load.3 Acknowledgements

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of working memory load on task execution and online plan adjustment during multitasking in a virtual environment

Law

Trawley

Brown

et al. 2013

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

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“…Similarly, the overall effect of presentation modality, observed in the main analysis of the Logie et al (1996) data presented above, could well reflect the fact that visually presented material can potentially be encoded and retained in a non phonological form, which might be less effective than phonological coding for retaining serial order (Logie, Della Sala, Wynn & Baddeley, 2000;Logie et al, 2015;Saito et al, 2008). Warrington and Shallice (1972) reported that the brain-damaged patient, KF, only showed a severe verbal short-term memory deficit with auditory presentation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…In other words, although visual presentation led to a significantly smaller absolute effect of similarity than auditory presentation, this can be entirely accounted for statistically by the fact that baseline levels of recall were smaller in the visual presentation condition as shown above. This leaves open the question of whether the smaller visual presentation effect reflects the reduced ability of visual coding to retain serial verbal order (e.g., Logie, Saito, Morita, Varma, & Norris, 2015;Saito, Logie, Morita & Law, 2008) or impaired phonological loop functioning.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This may be because under such conditions participants adopt a strategy other than rehearsal, such as using the similarity between phonologically similar items as a cue to item identity (Fallon et al, 1999;Gupta, Lipinski, & Aktunc, 2005), or making use of semantic information that might be richer for long than for short words (Campoy & Baddeley, 2008). However, detection of the use of alternative strategies can only rely on positive evidence for the use of such strategies, such as effects of visual similarity (e.g., Logie et al, 2015;Saito et al, 2008) or semantic similarity (e.g., Baddeley, 1966;Campoy & Baddeley, 2008). Therefore, without such positive evidence for alternative strategies, the absence of a phonological similarity or word length effect does not imply that phonological coding and rehearsal are not being used.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interpreting potential markers of storage and rehearsal: Implications for studies of verbal short-term memory and neuropsychological cases

2016

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Neuropsychological studies of verbal short-term memory have often focused on two signature effects -phonological similarity and word length -the absence of which has been taken to indicate problems in phonological storage and rehearsal respectively. In the present study we present a possible alternative reading of such data, namely that the absence of these effects can follow as a consequence of an individual's poor level of recall. Data from a large normative sample of 251 adult participants were re-analyzed under the assumption that the size of phonological similarity and word length effects are proportional to an individual's overall level of recall. For both manipulations, when proportionalized effects were plotted against memory span, the same function fit the data in both auditory and visual presentation conditions. Furthermore, two additional sets of single-case data were broadly comparable to those that would be expected for an individual's level of verbal short-term memory performance albeit with some variation across tasks. These findings indicate that the absolute magnitude of phonological similarity and word length effects depends on overall levels of recall, and that these effects are necessarily eliminated at low levels of verbal short-term memory performance. This has implications for how one interprets any variation in the size of these effects, and raises serious questions about the causal direction of any relationship between impaired verbal short-term memory and the absence of phonological similarity or word length effects.

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“…These, and related (Logie, Saito, Morita, Varma, & Norris, 2015;Saito, Logie, Morita, & Law, 2008) studies have produced mixed findings, with some authors arguing for domain-specific ordering of verbal vs. visuo-spatial information while accepting that these two mechanism operate on very similar principles (Logie et al, 2015;Hurlstone et al, 2014). However, the current balance of evidence appears to be in favour of at least some degree of domain-general short-term ordering of representations (see Farrell & Oberauer, 2014;Vandierendonck, 2016).…”

Section: Working Out How 21mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Mid-Career Award Working out how working memory works: evidence from typical and atypical development

Jarrold

2017

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

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Telephone: +44 (0)117 9288450Working out how 2 Abstract Working memory is an extremely influential concept within experimental psychology, with, at the time of writing, over 90 papers with this term in their title published in this journal alone since 2000. One reason for this interest is that measures of working memory tend to be strong correlates of important indices of real world function. In addition, at first sight working memory appears to be a relatively simple concept to understand. However, despite this apparent simplicity, explaining working memory performance is not straightforward. In this paper I address this challenge, with a particular focus on the development of working memory performance in children; both children developing typically and those experiencing atypical development. I specifically highlight the multiple constraints on working memory performance, and how these constraints inter-relate. I then consider the broader theoretical implications of each of these constraints for current accounts of working memory and its development.

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Visual and phonological similarity effects in verbal immediate serial recall: A test with kanji materials

Cited by 107 publications

References 41 publications

The impact of working memory load on task execution and online plan adjustment during multitasking in a virtual environment

The impact of working memory load on task execution and online plan adjustment during multitasking in a virtual environment

Interpreting potential markers of storage and rehearsal: Implications for studies of verbal short-term memory and neuropsychological cases

The Mid-Career Award Working out how working memory works: evidence from typical and atypical development

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