Visual‐cognitive tools used to determine fitness‐to‐drive may reflect normal aging

Bédard, Michel; Campbell, Stephanie; Riendeau, Julie; Maxwell, Hillary; Weaver, Bruce

doi:10.1111/cxo.12433

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The analysis was motivated by Bédard et al. (2016) who suggested that a dependence between these quantities could exist. The goal was to justify analysing the group as a whole and in age groups, not to confirm or establish psychometric data of DSDA.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bédard et al. (2016) described that despite being assessed as fit to drive, lower cognitive test scores were expected from older participants (with corresponding behavioural adjustment) than from younger participants. A test–retest reliability study should therefore analyse the sample population as one group, but also consider different age groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A test–retest reliability study should therefore analyse the sample population as one group, but also consider different age groups. This is vital to manage the following variables: DSDA uses a tablet delivery platform; different age groups may have a different experience of and performance levels with this technology; and older adults may have lower cognitive scores in comparison to other age groups despite being fit to drive (Bédard et al., 2016). Usability testing with older adults on the touchscreen DSDA (Cheal et al., 2018) demonstrated that although unfamiliar with the iPad technology, they were still easily able to perform basic touchscreen functions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Test–retest reliability of touchscreen DriveSafe DriveAware

Johnston

O’Donnell

Manuguerra

et al. 2020

Aus Occup Therapy J

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Introduction This prospective study examines the test–retest reliability of touchscreen DriveSafe DriveAware (DSDA). In a future study, the authors intend assessing the usefulness of DSDA to measure progress of patients undergoing treatment for neurological conditions. Evidence of test–retest reliability is required first. Methods Australian adults with current driver's licences (N = 39) aged 20 to 91 years (Mage = 58) recruited from a convenience sample were assessed with DSDA. The assessment was repeated 6 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months later to match planned assessments of patients undergoing neurosurgical treatment in future research. DSDA classification, DriveSafe subtest score, and DriveAware subtest scores were analysed as a whole sample, and in three age groups. Results DSDA classification and DriveAware scores were consistent over repeated tests. DriveSafe scores increased between test 1 and 2 (p = .006), and thereafter no significant change from test 2 to 4. DriveSafe scores of older participants (70+ years) increased between test 1 and 2 more notably than younger participants’ scores. No DriveSafe scores decreased over time. Conclusion DSDA classification and DriveAware scores demonstrated test–retest reliability for all age groups. DriveSafe scores did not demonstrate test–retest reliability between test 1 and 2 for participants 70+ years. However, DriveSafe scores demonstrated test–retest reliability after test 2, possibly indicating an initial learning effect for the DriveSafe score only. The authors posit that this result may have been influenced by older adults’ reduced familiarity with iPad technology at first assessment. Further longitudinal research is required to confirm whether these results are consistent in a sample population with diagnosed cognitive impairment. Future research will assess whether repeated assessment of DSDA may be useful for monitoring and screening cognitive fitness to drive in patients who have undergone neurosurgical treatment and whether declining scores may indicate cognitive changes in ability to drive.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Test–retest reliability of touchscreen DriveSafe DriveAware

Johnston

O’Donnell

Manuguerra

et al. 2020

Aus Occup Therapy J

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“…A variety of specific assessments have been endorsed by driving licencing authorities to determine sufficient/intact function for those with an illness that may have impaired driving. However, for the majority of older drivers, rather than experiencing a sudden discrete disease event, there is a gradual decline in perceptual, motor and cognitive functions that falls under the categorisation of "healthy-ageing" (Anstey & Wood, 2011;Anstey, Wood, Lord, & Walker, 2005;Bédard, Campbell, Riendeau, Maxwell, & Weaver, 2016). The rate of decline varies hugely across individuals, dependent on genetic and lifestyle factors (Raz et al, 2005), but in many countries (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Looking to the future of visual assessment using driving simulation

Wilkie

Mole

2017

Scand J Optom Vis Sci

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Visual function is considered uniquely important for driving because it provides multiple critical sources of information that when combined ensures successful steering. There are, however, additional cognitive functions that are essential for the driver to be able to dynamically respond to the world and make predictions about the scene, as well as the behaviour of other road users. Given the complexity of driving through a busy urban environment it should be no surprise that simple tests of visual acuity seem to have weak explanatory power in terms of increased crash risk when driving. Despite this, fitness to drive still includes a formal assessment of visual acuity, with poor scores being used to revoke the driving licence. The "gold standard" measure of driving ability remains the on-road driving test but compared to visual tests they are fairly uncontrolled, susceptible to great variation depending on the road conditions, and are unable to reliably detect subtle visual deficits. To address some of the limitations of these existing tests we use examples from two simulator settings (steering control and hazard detection) that highlight the merits of using driving simulation in order to control the visual conditions and probe specific functional capabilities of drivers. When used in conjunction with visual tests these methods will not only determine whether the core functions of driving are intact but also be able to provide richer feedback to individuals about the nature of their deficits. There are many exciting possibilities using simulation techniques to establish predictive relationships between routine visual testing and driving performance, ultimately aiming for better, more reliable assessment of fitness to drive. SammendragSynsfunksjonen betraktes som enestående viktig for bilkjøring fordi den bidrar til flere kritiske informasjonskilder som sammen sikrer trygg kontroll av bilen. Men det finnes i tillegg andre kognitive funksjoner som er nødvendige for at en bilfører skal kunne reagere dynamisk og kunne forutse både hendelser i trafikkbildet og andre trafikanters handlinger. Tatt i betraktning kompleksiteten av å kjøre i trafikkerte, tettbygde strøk, er det ikke overraskende at en enkel test av synsstyrke sjelden kan forklare fullstendig risikoen for kollisjoner ved bilkjøring. Til tross for dette brukes fortsatt synsstyrke som et mål i den formelle undersøkelsen når man skal avgjøre om en person er egnet til å føre motorvogn, og dårlige resultater på synstesten fører til inndragelse av førerkortet. Kjøreevne måles fortsatt med praktisk prøve, men sammenlignet med tester av synsfunksjonen er disse prøvene vanskelige å kontrollere, sterkt varierende avhengig av veiforholdene, og ikke i stand til å avsløre små synsdefekter. For å studere noen av begrensningene ved disse eksisterende prøvene bruker vi eksempler fra to simulatorsettinger (styrekontroll og evne til å oppdage fare) som viser fordelene med å bruke kjøresimulator for å kontrollere synsforholdene og teste bestemte funkjonelle ferdighet...

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“…This is a topic of considerable interest in the current literature, with numerous papers evaluating various batteries of tests of vision or combinations of vision and cognition for predicting fitness to drive. In this special issue, the potential role of colour vision and cognitive abilities in driving safety are considered, with one study demonstrating that driving cessation was strongly associated with reductions in contrast sensitivity, visual fields and visual processing speeds in a large cohort of older drivers …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%