Visual Correlates of Obstacle Avoidance in Adults with Low Vision

Kuyk, Thomas; Elliott, Jeffry L.; Fuhr, Patti S.

doi:10.1097/00006324-199803000-00022

Cited by 59 publications

(45 citation statements)

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“…Average contrast sensitivity on the PelliRobson was 0.5 log unit which is approximately 1.0 log unit below scores for older adults with normal vision. Visual field extent averaged approximately half that of a full normal binocular field for a young adult [35]. Out of 13 targets in the scanning test subjects were on average able to locate 4 in ten seconds which is about 50% of age-normal performance.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Visual function measures included distance visual acui ty (Bailey-Lovie charts), Goldmann visual field (binocular) with the III/4e target at standard background luminance, contrast sensitivity using the Pelli-Robson chart and a brief test of scanning ability [35]. The Short-Portable test was used to assess cognitive function [36], the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD) [37,38] was used as the depression inventory, and a checklist to determine health problems and their severity [39].…”

Section: Test Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Health-related quality of life following blind rehabilitation

Kuyk

Liu

Elliott³

et al. 2008

Qual Life Res

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Purpose-The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of residential blind rehabilitation on patients' vision targeted health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and general physical and mental function.Methods-The National Eye Institute 25-item Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI VFQ) plus appendix questions, the 12 item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12), Hope Scale and Coopersmith self-esteem inventory were administered to 206 legally blind veterans prior to their entering a residential (in-patient) blind rehabilitation program and again to 185 and 176 of the original cohort at two and six months after completion of the rehabilitation program, respectively. Data on visual acuity, visual field extent, contrast sensitivity and scanning ability were also collected. The duration of the in-patient rehabilitation programs ranged from 11-109 days. Questionnaire scores were compared pre-rehabilitation and post-rehabilitation.Results-Following rehabilitation there was a significant improvement in nine of eleven NEI VFQ subscales and in a composite score at both 2-and 6-month post-rehab intervals. Mental health (SF-12) and self esteem also improved significantly although physical health ratings declined over the course of the study (approximately 10 months).Conclusions-Residential blind rehabilitation appears to improve patients' self-reported visiontargeted HRQOL, self-esteem, and mental health aspects of generic HRQOL.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Test Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health-related quality of life following blind rehabilitation

Kuyk

Liu

Elliott³

et al. 2008

Qual Life Res

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“…Typically, results have shown that acuity level is not very important for navigating through a cluttered space, while contrast sensitivity is somewhat important, and the total extent of the visual field is of major importance. [4][5][6] However, safety depends critically on the ability to reliably identify potential hazards from a distance, placing greater reliance on acuity. 7 An interesting example is the detection of crossable gaps in traffic at intersections.…”

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confidence: 99%

Recognition of Ramps and Steps by People with Low Vision

Bochsler¹,

Legge²,

Gage³

et al. 2013

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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PURPOSE. Detection and recognition of ramps and steps are important for the safe mobility of people with low vision. Our primary goal was to assess the impact of viewing conditions and environmental factors on the recognition of these targets by people with low vision. A secondary goal was to determine if results from our previous studies of normally sighted subjects, wearing acuity-reducing goggles, would generalize to low vision. METHODS.Sixteen subjects with heterogeneous forms of low vision participated-acuities from approximately 20/200 to 20/2000. They viewed a sidewalk interrupted by one of five targets: a single step up or down, a ramp up or down, or a flat continuation of the sidewalk. Subjects reported which of the five targets was shown, and percent correct was computed. The effects of viewing distance, target-background contrast, lighting arrangement, and subject locomotion were investigated. Performance was compared with a group of normally sighted subjects who viewed the targets through acuityreducing goggles.RESULTS. Recognition performance was significantly better at shorter distances and after locomotion (compared with purely stationary viewing). The effects of lighting arrangement and target-background contrast were weaker than hypothesized. Visibility of the targets varied, with the step up being more visible than the step down. CONCLUSIONS.The empirical results provide insight into factors affecting the visibility of ramps and steps for people with low vision. The effects of distance, target type, and locomotion were qualitatively similar for low vision and normal vision with artificial acuity reduction. However, the effects of lighting arrangement and background contrast were only significant for subjects with normal vision. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2013; 54:288-294)

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“…As reviewed in the research literature (Kuyk, Elliott, & Fuhr, 1998b), scanning ability and visual acuity are weakly related even though both variables are strong predictors of mobility performance. Therefore, we cannot use this correlation to infer any predictions of visual acuity on mobility performance.…”

Section: Subjectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing Visual Search Performance Using Retinal Light Scanning as a Future Wearable Low Vision Aid

Lin¹,

Seibel²,

Furness³

2003

International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction

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For the goal of designing a wearable low vision aid, aspects of both head-mounted display (HMD) design and performance evaluation were integrated into a single study of scanning ability. A head-mounted version of a novel retinal light scanning display known as the virtual retinal display was fabricated for this study. A remote head CCD (charge coupled device) attached approximately at the user's line of sight was used as the input source. Scanning ability was quantified as the time to identify a target in a wide field of distractors while using the HMD design in four different display interface modes (DIMs). Each DIM was tested with respect to their corresponding controls: A (augmented, see-through) and CO (center occluded) DIMs were compared to the augmented control (augmented, retinal display turned off), and CPO (center and periphery occluded) and PO (periphery occluded) DIMs were compared to the periphery occluded control (periphery obstructed, retinal display turned off). Each DIM was tested at high, medium, and low contrast levels. Five subjects were tested without optical correction (visual acuity worse than 20/200), which accurately represented low vision subjects. Results showed that for each DIM, scanning performance decreased as the contrast level decreased. At the INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION, 15(2), 245-263 Copyright © 2003, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.We thank Nick Kipping (student in Industrial Design) and Robert Burstein (Research Engineer) for their technical assistance, Duff Hendrickson (Experience Designer) for the computer animations, The National Science Foundation for funding this research (Grants 9801294 & 9978888), the R.E.U. program, and The Mary Gates Foundation for financial assistance.Sun-Kai V. Lin is now at the Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania. Requests for reprints should be sent to Sun-Kai V. Lin, Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, 120 Hayden Hall, 3320 Smith Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19146. E-mail: sklin@ seas.upenn.edu lowest contrast level, the PO DIM provided the greatest and most significant improvement in scanning performance. At the medium and highest contrast levels, all DIMs provided equal or worse performance than their controls. Additionally, the subjects' natural visual acuity showed no correlation with scan time. All subjects reported a higher acuity with the retinal display, and showed a diverse range of preference for the most helpful DIM. Based on these results, we realized that low vision applications have unique design requirements unlike those for normally sighted users, and therefore customization of a wearable low vision aid may be an optimal design strategy.

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Visual Correlates of Obstacle Avoidance in Adults with Low Vision

Cited by 59 publications

References 0 publications

Health-related quality of life following blind rehabilitation

Health-related quality of life following blind rehabilitation

Recognition of Ramps and Steps by People with Low Vision

Testing Visual Search Performance Using Retinal Light Scanning as a Future Wearable Low Vision Aid

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