Visual Depth Illusion and Falls in the Elderly

Cohn, Theodore E.; Lasley, David J.

doi:10.1016/s0749-0690(18)30927-3

Cited by 36 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Until now, the precise mechanism of the decrease of stereopsis according to age has not been elucidated; however, several reports showed that it was due to the association with the reduction of cerebral function. In regard to the decrease of stereopsis according to age, Cohn and Lasley 15 suggested a neural effect and reported the association of the loss of stereopsis and the initiation of dementia in dementia patients. Kiyosawa et al 16 reported that among 8 Alzheimer patients, 5 reported a defect of visual function without a decrease of visual acuity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Change of Stereoacuity with Aging in Normal Eyes

Lee

Koo

2005

Korean J Ophthalmol

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Purpose: Stereopsis in normal subjects aged between 7 and 76 years was compared to examine changes in stereopsis with age. Methods: Eighty subjects with no ocular disease were divided into 8 groups by age. Near stereopsis was evaluated with the TNO, Titmus, and Randot tests; distance stereopsis with the Mentor B-VAT II video acuity tester. Results:The results of all 4 tests showed decreased stereopsis with increasing age (p<0.05). Compared to the stereoacuity of 7 to 10-year-old group, both the TNO and distance stereopsis test results were significantly decreased for the 6th, 7th, and 8th decade groups, while both the Titmus and Randot test results were significantly decreased for the 8th decade group (p<0.05). Conclusions: Overall, both near and distance stereopsis decreased with increasing age. Thus, decreased stereopsis should be taken into account when performing the stereopsis test.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Change of Stereoacuity with Aging in Normal Eyes

Lee

Koo

2005

Korean J Ophthalmol

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“…Visual acuity might be very important in maintaining postural control among persons with neuromuscular disorders (3,13,25,49,70). Visual acuity, depth perception, contrast sensitivity, peripheral vision, visual perception, dark adaptation, and glare tolerance are all involved in the detection and avoidance of environmental hazards and can become affected by age-related vision changes, cataracts, macular degeneration, and glaucoma (98).…”

Section: Visionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 1955, Droller (21) implicated loose rugs and defective floors, and others (54,83,92) have implicated light switch hazards, thresholds, extension cords, slippery sur faces, and other household prodUCts. Architectural design of stairways and homes and visual patterns on flooring can cause missteps and increase the risk of falling (3,13,49,70). Recommended solutions have included use of slip-resistant stripping in bathtubs, proper placement of shelving, removal of throw rugs, redesign of stairs, improvements in shoe design, and im provements in lighting (48,81).…”

Section: Risk Factors Related To the Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Falls Among Older Persons: A Public Health Perspective

Sattin

1992

Annu. Rev. Public Health

566

249

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“…The predisposition to fall is influenced by individual factors which include poor postural stability and physical frailty [2,3], but up to one half of falls are precip-itated by environmental factors [4]. Aspects of the visual environment reported to contribute to falls include poor lighting [5] and visual ambiguities created by repeated patterns [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the Visual Environment on the Postural Stability in Healthy Older Women

et al. 2002

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Background: A poor postural stability in older people is associated with an increased risk of falling. It is recognized that visual environment factors (such as poor lighting and repeating patterns on escalators) may contribute to falls, but little is known about the effects of the visual environment on postural stability in the elderly. Objective: To determine whether the postural stability of older women (using body sway as a measure) differed under five different visual environment conditions. Methods: Subjects were 33 healthy women aged 65–76 years. Body sway was measured using an electronic force platform which identified the location of their centre of gravity every 0.05 s. Maximal lateral sway and anteroposterior sway were determined and the sway velocity calculated over 1-min trial periods. Body sway was measured under each of the following conditions: (1) normal laboratory lighting (186 lx); (2) moderate lighting (10 lx); (3) dim lighting (1 lx); (4) eyes closed, and (5) repeating pattern projected onto a wall. Results: Each measure of the postural stability was significantly poorer in condition 4 (eyes closed) than in all other conditions. Anteroposterior sway was greater in condition 3 than in conditions 1 and 2, whilst the sway velocity was greater in condition 3 than in condition 2. Lateral sway did not differ significantly between different lighting levels (conditions 1–3). A projected repeating pattern (condition 5) did not significantly influence the postural stability relative to condition 1. Conclusions: The substantially greater body sway with eyes closed than with eyes open confirms the importance of vision in maintaining the postural stability. At the lowest light level, the body sway was significantly increased as compared with the other light levels, but was still substantially smaller than on closing the eyes. A projected repeating pattern did not influence the postural stability. Dim lighting levels and removing visual input appear to be associated with a poorer postural stability in older people and hence might be associated with an increased risk of falls.

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Visual Depth Illusion and Falls in the Elderly

Cited by 36 publications

References 22 publications

Change of Stereoacuity with Aging in Normal Eyes

Change of Stereoacuity with Aging in Normal Eyes

Falls Among Older Persons: A Public Health Perspective

Influence of the Visual Environment on the Postural Stability in Healthy Older Women

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