Visual discrimination following infant and adult ablation of cortical areas 17, 18, and 19 in the cat

Murphy, E. Hazel; Mize, R. Ranney; Schechter, P. B.

doi:10.1016/0014-4886(75)90096-5

Cited by 39 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Other workers have reported normal acquisition of pattern discrimination tasks in kittens with neonatal lesions of the visual cortex that were raised at home (Doty, 1961;Wetzel et al, 1965) or in large group cages (Murphy et al, 1975). Several variables need to be considered when speculating about why cats with neonatal lesions of the visual cortex under some conditions show what appears to be complete sparing of pattern vision and why under other conditions they are substantially and reliably impaired.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is concluded that early enrichment of sensorimotor experience was probably not the cause of the complete sparing of pattern vision after neonatal damage of the visual cortex reported in earlier studies. Discussion centers on task variables and completeness of the lesions as reasons for sparing of vision.Earlier work suggested that neonatal destruction of the visual cortex is far less incapacitating than later damage to the same regions (Doty, 1961;Murphy, Mize, & Schechter, 1975;Wetzel, Thompson, Horel, & Meyer, 1965). Wetzel and his colleagues reported essentially normal pattern vision by kittens with neonatal damage of the marginal and posterolateral gyri.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Earlier work suggested that neonatal destruction of the visual cortex is far less incapacitating than later damage to the same regions (Doty, 1961;Murphy, Mize, & Schechter, 1975;Wetzel, Thompson, Horel, & Meyer, 1965). Wetzel and his colleagues reported essentially normal pattern vision by kittens with neonatal damage of the marginal and posterolateral gyri.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Behavioral effects of early rearing conditions and neonatal lesions of the visual cortex in kittens.

Cornwell¹,

Overman²

1981

Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology

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Kittens with neonatal lesions of the marginal and posterolateral gyri, along with unoperated controls, were reared either in an enriched environment or in laboratory cages. Kittens with lesions were inferior to controls at learning mazes and at discriminating forms and gratings, whether they were raised in enriched or impoverished conditions. Enrichment did not facilitate form or grating discrimination by either normal or operated cats, although such experience facilitated maze learning by both groups. It is concluded that early enrichment of sensorimotor experience was probably not the cause of the complete sparing of pattern vision after neonatal damage of the visual cortex reported in earlier studies. Discussion centers on task variables and completeness of the lesions as reasons for sparing of vision.Earlier work suggested that neonatal destruction of the visual cortex is far less incapacitating than later damage to the same regions (Doty, 1961;Murphy, Mize, & Schechter, 1975;Wetzel, Thompson, Horel, & Meyer, 1965). Wetzel and his colleagues reported essentially normal pattern vision by kittens with neonatal damage of the marginal and posterolateral gyri. In an attempt to analyze the mechanisms by which such visual sparing occurs, our laboratory initiated an extended sequence of ablationbehavioral experiments using kittens as subjects. However, the results from our first two projects failed to confirm the previous findings (Cornwell,

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Behavioral effects of early rearing conditions and neonatal lesions of the visual cortex in kittens.

Cornwell¹,

Overman²

1981

Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology

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“…The importance of the visual cortex to pattern recognition is well-established in several species (e.g. Hughes, 1977;Keating, 1980;Lashley, 1939;Lavond et al, 1978;Murphy et al, 1975;Perenin, 1978;Sprague et al, 1977). In rodents, questions remain on just what regions of the posterior cortex are most involved (Dean, 1981;McDaniel et al, 1982) and whether the visual cortex is absolutely necessary for visual form discrimination (Goldstein & Oakely, 1987).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurotrophic and behavioral effects of occipital cortex transplants in newborn rats

Haun

Tj²,

La³

1989

Vis Neurosci

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Cell suspensions of embryonic occipital cortex were transplanted into newborn rats with large unilateral visual cortex lesions. When the animals were adults, they were tested on a difficult visual discrimination, and subsequently their brains were analyzed for possible neurotrophic effects of the transplants on nonvisual cortical areas which normally form connections with the occipital cortex. Behaviorally, animals with lesions and transplants learn to discriminate between columns and rows of squares at a rate which is identical to normal rats while animals with lesions and no transplants are impaired. Volume and cell-density measures show that the transplants also rescue neurons in cortical area 8 that would normally degenerate following the cortical lesion. No such neurotrophic effect of the transplants is found in cortical area 24 or area 17 contralateral to the lesion. In rats with lesions and no transplants, there is a significant correlation between the amount of area 8 remaining after the lesion and trials to criterion on the columns-rows discrimination, a relationship that does not exist in transplant animals because of their normal learning curve and the consistent sparing of area 8. Injections of HRP into the visual cortex contralateral to the lesion result in variable numbers of labeled cells within the transplant. However, there is no consistent relationship between the number of transplant cells which project to the opposite hemisphere and learning of the discrimination. It is suggested that the learning deficit following the lesion is largely attentional and that the sparing of cortical area 8 (which in rats may include the analog of the frontal eye fields present in the primate cortex) contributes to the sparing of function.

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“…lead to minor deficits in direction processing in PMLS cortex as assessed by neuronal response properties~Tong et al, 1984;Guido et al, 1990a! and behavioral testing~Wetzel et al, 1965Tucker et al, 1968;Murphy et al, 1975;Cornwell & Payne, 1989!. This sparing may be caused by an increase of and0or novel projections to PMLS cortex from the lateral geniculate nucleus~LGN!…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complex motion selectivity in PMLS cortex following early lesions of primary visual cortex in the cat

et al. 2007

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In the cat, the analysis of visual motion cues has generally been attributed to the posteromedial lateral suprasylvian cortex (PMLS) (Toyama et al., 1985; Rauschecker et al., 1987; Rauschecker, 1988; Kim et al., 1997). The responses of neurons in this area are not critically dependent on inputs from the primary visual cortex (VC), as lesions of VC leave neuronal response properties in PMLS relatively unchanged (Spear & Baumann, 1979; Spear, 1988; Guido et al., 1990b). However, previous studies have used a limited range of visual stimuli. In this study, we assessed whether neurons in PMLS cortex remained direction-selective to complex motion stimuli following a lesion of VC, particularly to complex random dot kinematograms (RDKs). Unilateral aspiration of VC was performed on post-natal days 7-9. Single unit extracellular recordings were performed one year later in the ipsilateral PMLS cortex. As in previous studies, a reduction in the percentage of direction selective neurons was observed with drifting sinewave gratings. We report a previously unobserved phenomenon with sinewave gratings, in which there is a greater modulation of firing rate at the temporal frequency of the stimulus in animals with a lesion of VC, suggesting an increased segregation of ON and OFF sub-regions. A significant portion of neurons in PMLS cortex were direction selective to simple (16/18) and complex (11/16) RDKs. However, the strength of direction selectivity to both stimuli was reduced as compared to normals. The data suggest that complex motion processing is still present, albeit reduced, in PMLS cortex despite the removal of VC input. The complex RDK motion selectivity is consistent with both geniculo-cortical and extra-geniculate thalamo-cortical pathways in residual direction encoding.

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Visual discrimination following infant and adult ablation of cortical areas 17, 18, and 19 in the cat

Cited by 39 publications

References 21 publications

Behavioral effects of early rearing conditions and neonatal lesions of the visual cortex in kittens.

Behavioral effects of early rearing conditions and neonatal lesions of the visual cortex in kittens.

Neurotrophic and behavioral effects of occipital cortex transplants in newborn rats

Complex motion selectivity in PMLS cortex following early lesions of primary visual cortex in the cat

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